I, Myself, And My Body - 1222 Words

Patrick Katz PHI 1103 Michael Bruno Word Count-1218 5 May 2016 Me, Myself, and My Body The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. For years, philosophers have been perplexed by the mind-body problem. The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. The mind-body problem discusses the mind and body, along with the relationship between them. Dualists and monists are the two types of people that take a stand on the issue. While Dualism may spilt mind and body, monism is the belief that the mind and body are together one. Each of these beliefs can be broken down into types, justifying monism or dualism. Though each have been†¦show more content†¦On the other side of dualism is interaction. Interaction is the way the mind and body interact among each other, so the three variations of this are interactionism, epiphenomenalism, and parallelism. Interactionism is where one believes that the mind and body influence one another. Next, epiphenomenalism dictate s that mental occurrences are caused by physical ones, but have no influence on the physical. Now parallelism is different because it shares the view that both mental and physical states are not casually interacting, yet running in harmony with it. These are all the different types of dualism that have been theorized to this day. Many philosophers justify why dualism is the right theory behind the mind-body problem. However, there are others that believe monism is the ideal theory towards the question. Monism is the view that the mind and body are essentially one. Within monism there are several different types; idealistic monism, materialistic monism, neutral monism, reflexive monism, substantial monism, attributive monism, and absolute monism. To begin, the idealistic monism view is one that shows the mind being all that exists and that everything else is simply a part of one’s mental depiction. Materialistic monism on the other hand is the complete opposite in that it holds that only the physical is real and the mind is reduced to the physical. More specific

Suicide Thesis Essay - 2077 Words

I. INTRODUCTION: ï‚ · Thesis: While Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem, I believe That Suicide is wrong. II. BODY PAGE 1: The History of Suicide ï‚ · Opening Sentence: Why do people commit Suicide? ï‚ · Detail 1: Suicide Methods ï‚ · Detail 2: Suicide and Mental illness ï‚ · Detail 3: Prevention III. BODY PAGE II: School Bullying/Teen Suicides ï‚ · Transition/Opening Sentence: The Bullies have a new way to attack people over the internet. ï‚ · Detail 1: The Factors that contribute to Suicide ï‚ · Detail 2: How the Internet/Social Media Has Had an Impact on Suicide in Young Adults ï‚ · Detail 3: The many different forms of Bullying that can lead to a IV. BODY PAGE III: Military/Terrorist Suicide ï‚ · Transition/Opening Sentence: Could Suicide†¦show more content†¦Whilst cyber bullying is not physical it’s emotional and psychological effects are devastating for the victim and can often lead to suicide and depression (Hinduja amp; Patchin, 2010). Social Networking sites act as a platform where bullies can say things they might not usually say to someone in person, anonymity and less physical proximity act as a wall between the bully and the victim, none the less, the words or rumors’ that are shared are still just as hurtful. Bullies often feel more confident online and they can contact their victims anytime, anywhere, day or night, not just in the school yard (Smith et al., 2008).† (Procon. (24 O). Retrieved from http://socialnetworking.procon.org/) For example â€Å"Jamey Rodemeyer in 2011 a 14-year-old boy from Williamsville, NY, took his life after what his parents claim was years of bullying because of struggles with his sexuality. His pa rents, Tracy and Tim Rodemeyer, say that Jamey faced bullies for years, though things intensified in middle school, according to NBC 2. According to NBC, the Rodemeyers had gone to the school about the problem in the past. 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Bureaucracy free essay sample

The following case, Wichita Confronts Contamination, involves a vast polluted underground lake containing hazardous industrial waste. The site is located in the heart of the downtown, Wichita business district. The contamination was spreading about a foot a day and it was feared that water quality deterioration and serious health issues would result. The City Manager, Chris Cherches, is faced with the responsibility to draft a plan to resolve the crisis. The following details the process and the dynamics.. During the period of 1990, the down town business district of Wichita, Kansas was experiencing economical hardship due to the skyrocketing oil industry and the nationwide real estate slump. At the same time, the local leaders were in the process of developing strategies for urban renewal and new investments that would stimulate economic growth. They estimated $375 million would cover the entire revitalization project. In the wake of all this activity, they discovered hazardous chemical waste had been detected in some private and industrial wells in downtown Wichita. The Banking industry got wind of this and put a damper on granting loans for real estate. In June 1990, a local manufacturer, Coleman incorporated, approached the legal department about a contamination problem he discovered in the fall of 1988. Panic struck†¦. and it all hit the fan†¦. when the Kansas Dept. of Health and Environment, acting on behalf of the Environment Protection Agency, reported that Wichita was sitting on an underground polluted lake -dubbed the Gilbert and Mosley site.. The site was four miles long and one-and one half miles wide. The polluted aquifer was right beneath the â€Å"center† of the business district. The parcels affected had an estimated value of $86 million. This six-square mile area included major banks, hotels, homes and industrial headquarters. During the investigation, (KDHE) discovered a chemical degreaser used on metal was found at Coleman’s â€Å"headquarters† at the north end of the site. Question? Who is the responsible party? City Manager, Chris Cherches developed a comprehensive report that estimated to clean the aquifer could cost about $20 million and take as long as 20 years. Chris Cherches presented his report to the (KDHE) and they had two recommendations: Either the companies responsible could clean up the area, or the state would rank the site for National Priority List, the first step toward activating â€Å"Superfund†. Initiated in 1980, a Superfund site is a toxic waste site that falls under the Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund program. Superfund sites are areas contaminated with hazardous material left by corporate or government entities whose operations may have moved. The federal government launched the landmark Superfund program to wipe out the problem. Under the Superfund law, passed by Congress, companies and other parties found responsible for polluting sites are required to clean up the areas or pay the costs for cleanup to the (EPA). The National Priorities List (NPL) is the EPA’s list of toxic waste sites that the agency has determined present a significant risk to human health or the environment. (2) In addition, KDHE’s report identified 508 other area businesses as Potentially Responsible Parties under Superfund law. Even more threatening, if the financial institutions made real estate loans in the Gilbert-Mosley district, they too could incur Superfund liability. As a result, all lending activity was halted. A local developer, David Burk, lost investors because it suddenly became impossible to sell property in that area. As the threats of uncertain liability arose, and the lost of real estate sales, the county appraiser’s office was receiving request for property reduction. Devastation was all over the place†¦with property values going down, groundwater issues, there would be no need for urban redevelopment. City Manager, Cherches had to quickly weigh his options and develop a plan as soon as possible. His first priority was to begin cleaning up the aquifer and second, convince the financial institution to resume lending in the Gilbert-Mosley area. He believed that as long as property values remained at their quota, then the community core could be salvaged. The next urgent order of business was to convince Coleman and others to take charge of the Gilbert-Mosley site because it was a business dilemma. A â€Å"potentially responsible party† or PRP, is a company, organization or individual that the EPA determines possibly played a role in the contamination of a Superfund site. This includes parties involved in generation of the waste, and parties involved in transporting it to the site. PRPs can also include past and present owners of the land or facility, and past and present facility operators. In his research, City Manager, Cherches discovered that groundwater contamination had also occurred three years earlier at a smaller site known as 29th and Mead. The same rhetoric occurred regarding this particular site†¦. banks stopped lending, property values lowered 40 percent , and the city came in agreement with Coleman to pay for the initial (EPA’s) Feasibility Study. However, during that period, negotiations were stalled and the state placed the site on the National Priorities List resulting in years of real estate entanglement. Cherches did not want to repeat â€Å"History† given this experience since time was the essence. There were more than 500 other PRP’s and Coleman was denouncing full responsibility for the over-all contamination. Therefore, the city was in a horrific stance on agreeing who was responsible for what. If there were no agreement resolutions, then there could be no quick clean up action and the Banking industry would not resume lending until the contamination issue had been resolved. The next option and far less appealing was to allow EPA and the Superfund to become involved in the project. (3) If they became involved, the cost of cleaning up Gilbert-Mosley would be astronomical. Cost not limited would include: oversight contractor cost to monitor the work flow of the regular contractor, polluters faced administrative cost of EPA itself and prolonged multi-party litigation cost. In as much, EPA was allowed to charge punitive charges as a means of replenishing their fund and the Superfund law called on EPA personnel to charge their time to the private firms. The Superfund is desperately short of money to clean up abandoned waste sites, which has created a backlog of sites that continue to menace the environment and, quite often, the health of nearby residents. Initially, the program was funded by a tax on polluters, which fed the actual â€Å"Superfund†, a pool of money used to pay for the clean up sites whose polluters were unknown or unable to do the work. But the tax law expired in 1995, under a Republican-controlled Congress, and the $3. 8 billion that had accumulated in the fund at its peak ran day in 2003. As a result of the funding shortage, site clean up plans are stretched out over longer periods of time because there isn’t enough money to get them done quickly and still pay for other ongoing cleanups. Currently, fund-led cleanups are paid for with taxpayer money and any money recovered form PRPs. Accordingly, a number of construction completions have been delayed on purpose. City Manager, Cherches knew that involving the Superfund would be a massive undertaking of funding and lost of momentum. Steps to a typical Superfund cleanup could take up to 10 years of which seven years are spent on study assessment, legal proceedings and creating a remedy before the actual cleanup begins. Mayor Knight consulted with other mayors about his contamination problem and they warned him to avoid Superfund. Manager, Cherches decided to reject both options presented by the (KHDE) and to develop a platform for the city of Wichita to take full responsibility for the Gilbert-Mosley cleanup. Wichita began to develop strategies and create various mechanisms to encourage the banks to start lending in the contaminated area again. The key was to find a way to â€Å"finance† their massive clean up problem. Cherches had to prove to the state and the EPA that he could dead lock funds to support what could be a 20 year project. He knew that Coleman would pay as much as possible, but recouping clean up cost from the other polluters was uncertain. Therefore, Cherches developed a powerful alternative to impose a statewide tax that would spread the burden to the broadest number of constituents. (4) Wichita City Council was not in favor of committing tax dollars for such an arduous task. Before the city of Wichita could undertake this project; they had to be determined to make this work long before a commitment from Coleman and other major contributors was settled. No one knew of any city stepping in to accept liability for a contamination problem it had not caused. The central business district in Wichita could not afford to wait any longer. The success of the plane would depend on â€Å"Intergovernmental Relations† meaning cooperation from †¦. the city manager’s office, the city council, the county commission, the school board, lenders, constituents, Coleman, KDHE, the state legislature, the governor and the EPA. KDHE had warned the city that if a cleanup plan had not taken shape, the state would recommend that EPA take over. If Wichita was unable to solve it, then the inevitability of â€Å"Superfund† was pending. City Manager, Chris Cherches quickly set up a tax increment finance plan that would raise funds for the redevelopment district. Once the improvements were in place, the difference between the old and the new property assessments would create a higher value increment that would be used to pay for the revitalization program. This program is defined as a â€Å"decrement plan†. They would â€Å"devalue† all the property in the Gilbert-Mosley area by 40 percent and then immediately raise values back up to their pre-contamination level believing that the city would restore lost value. The difference would be set aside to finance the cleanup. Cherches round table negotiations with the Kansas Dept. of Health and Environment, city council, the public and the EPA were all in favor of his concept. The next order of business was to convince bankers to resume lending. The bankers soon became allies with Cherches because they too would have been held liable for the cleanup as well as losing the value of their Gilbert-Mosley investments. The catch, bankers were reluctant to resume lending until they had some legal protection in place from cleanup liability. The city devised a document called, â€Å"Certificate and Release for Environmental Conditions† to protect and release property owners, businesses, banks and residents from any Superfund cleanup liability. All anyone had to do was just apply to the city for this document. The banking industry embraced the idea of the certificate, but they wanted the city to receive firm assurance from the (EPA) that they wound not take over the Gilbert-Mosley site and override the agreements with KDHE and Coleman or push through to make changes in state law used for long-term projects. (5) With all minds in agreement, EPA agreed and the city followed all requirements, but with (KDHE) acting as the primary oversight agency. All the city had to do was report to regularly to the EPA on its progress. Although no written documents were signed, Morris Kay, Director of the Environmental Protection Agency, guaranteed that as long as the city was operating according to agency requirement, Superfund would not intervene. At the last minute, the city learned that a Kansas state law called â€Å"Cash Basis-Budget† designed to ensure fiscal responsibility would not allow local government to commit operating revenues beyond one year. The city needed an exception and an amendment to TIF law because they had to be able to commit funds raised over a long term period. The Gilbert-Mosley project was a 20 year effort and they needed those funds to contract with (KDHE). To get approval, the decision would be in the hands of the city legislatures who met only from January through April. Noted from previous settings, the legislatures were very antagonistic and hard to convince. Matters didn’t get any better when both the county assessor and the state property director declared the city’s tax increment proposal as unworkable†. In its place, three County Legislators who reviewed the city TIF bill, enacted an amendment that allowed municipalities to earmark 20 percent of a specially created TIF annual property tax for environmental cleanups. It functions like the decrement plan. Each year 20 percent of property tax revenues would go toward ground water clean up for the next 20 years. On March 26, Wichita signed a decree with (KDHE) outlining the oversight responsibility and explaining how the Certificate of Release would come into play. On April 23, Coleman signed an agreement to pay $1 million for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility study and to pay all cleanup cost for the area where he was the main polluter. In addition, he agreed to split cost with the city in a second area where he was a contributor to the contamination. Coleman acted in good faith because if he Gilbert-Mosley site became a Superfund, he would have been subject to higher cost and endless third party litigations. Surprisingly, one week after Coleman signed his contract, the Kansas Legislators approved the city TIF bill. Finally, on May 14, several banks came in agreement to lend on the security of real properties within Gilbert-Mosley as long as they had obtained a Certificate and Release for Environmental Conditions. One year after the Certificate and Release program began, the business district in the Gilbert-Mosley area returned to normal. (6) In conclusion, the sharing of responsibility and power between Kansas and the government is an example of check and balances. It would be difficult for any one system to make rational decisions to benefit activities or to design any coherent changes in the system itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦it requires Interdependence, Complexity and Intergovernmental Bargaining. Power is shared. Instead of one branch controlling decisions about policy, it must be mutual and accommodating. The style of decision making is one of bargaining under conditions of conflict among the participants. The participants in government have different interest to serve and objectives to seek: yet one cannot succeed by acting unilaterally.

Environmental Health Effects

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Health Effects . Answer: Introduction The pesticides are chemical substance that is used in agricultural activities that help to reduce the adverse effects of pest and other harmful insects that have the ability to cause harm to the crops. The destruction that is caused due to the effects of pests and insects in the crops can result in financial loss of the farmers and the economic loss of the nation. In Canada, the agricultural products have a significant part of the GDP of the nation. According to MacFadyen (2014), the total value of the agricultural products in Canada is estimated to be 1,600 million dollars. The trade and the marketing economics of the country are dependent on the performance of the agricultural performance of the nation. There is a wide range of business products that are dependent on the agricultural products that are dependent on the agricultural products, which also suffers due to the loss in the agricultural products. Hence, the loss in the agricultural sector due to the action of pests can caus e economic crisis of the nation. Hence, in order to avoid the consequence of economic loss due to poor production of agricultural products, it is important to use the pesticides and ensure that no crops are harmed from pest attacks. The pesticides destroy the pests mainly by inhibiting the enzyme activity by protein denaturation mechanism. It can also destroy the immune system of the pests thereby causing their death. Over the years these products have been found to be very helpful for farmers, as their tension of their crops getting affected by pests were reduced. As a result, production increased to a large extent, leading to significant profit margins. In the recent studies, however, the scientists have identified several drawbacks and negative effects that are associated with the use of pesticides (Edwards, 2013). The chemical agents that are used in the pesticides can even cause harm to foods that are produced from the agriculture. The consumption of those foods can cause physiological harm to human and may eff ect in the chronic disease. Moreover, it can cause harm to the mental and physical development of young children. There has been huge controversy over the use of pesticides within Canada due to the environmental loss that it caused. This following report below will shed light on the various aspects of pesticides and how it has resulted in several diseases among different animals of every class. It is very much essential for deciding whether the banning of pesticides would be feasible or not. Involvement of Stakeholders and their impact The stakeholders are the people, who are involved in a system and play a significant role in the operation of the system. The decision taken by the stakeholders and the duty they perform a major impact on the function of the system. The influence of the stakeholders can have huge impact in the goal achievement process. Farmers The farmers are most important stakeholders, who are involved in the use of production of agricultural materials. As the use of pesticides are an important in the growth of the crops that is needed to avoid the loss in the agricultural products. The farmers come in direct contact with the use of the pesticide products, and thus they have the risk of facing the direct impact on the use of pesticides. According to the study done by Mostafalou and Abdollahi (2013), the direct use of chemical pesticides without taking proper protection can have adverse effects on the skin. The short and long term effect level of exposure to pesticides can cause the farmers to several physiological problems that even can lead to death. As the farmers come to direct contact with the pesticides, there is high risk that the chemicals can enter the body and cause severe damage to the internal organs and can also result in skin burn disease. Agricultural Companies The agricultural companies are other major stakeholders of the use of pesticides. In order to meet the rising demand for the agricultural products, all the major agricultural firms are forced to make use of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides to minimize the damage that is caused due to the pest activity. However, it is the duty of the agricultural firms to ensure that the farmers, who come in direct contact with the chemical pesticides, take adequate protection by using protective gloves and masks that help will prevent the chemical agents to enter the body (Sarwar, 2015). The environmental pollution is one of the major adverse effects that is related to the use of chemical pesticides. The soil of the agricultural fields can absorb the pesticides and thereby have the potential to contaminate the underground water and the local water bodies. Moreover, as the pesticides have denaturing agent for destroying the enzymatic activity of the pests, it can also cause harm to useful bacte ria that helps to tarp nitrogen in the soil needed for the growth of the plants. Hence, the use of chemical pesticides can have adverse effects on the ecological balance of a region. The natural organic minerals that are present in the soil can also be destroyed with the use of excessive chemical pesticides. Moreover, Messing et al. (2013), have mentioned that the use of chemical pesticides can also deplete the nutritional value of the of the food and cause chemical contamination. Food Retailers Another important stakeholder involved in the pesticide debate are the food retailers who are directly or indirectly associated with the farmers, as they purchase the food products produced by the farmers. As there is rise of high quality agricultural foods in the market, the retail companies have the deal with the shortage of supply that is directly linked to the use of chemical pesticides. As the farmers face the pressure of food production they are forced to use the chemical pesticides in order to increase the productivity. Nevertheless, with the increase of rising of health concern among the public, it is important the food retailers focus on the matter of quality of food that is being sold in the market. As the use of chemical pesticides can cause contamination of the food, it is essential for the farmers to make controlled use of the chemical pesticides. Bradbury et al.,(2014), have mentioned about the importance of the use of organic pesticides that can be one of the best alte rnatives for the use of the chemical pesticides. Hence it has also become an important point of discussion among the leading chain of food retailers over the past decade, for they are also thinking of various ways to ban the pesticide use and think of alternative uses to overcome the issues. Environmentalist The environmentalist plays a significant role in determining the negative effects of chemical pesticides. They also have the role of increasing the level of awareness of with the public and government. As the chemical pesticides can cause harm to the ecological balance and also the health of human, it is important to adopt intervention measures that will help to minimize the adverse effects of chemical pesticides. The environmentalist need to provide valuable suggestions to the government bodies to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and encourage the use of alternative eco-friendly organic pesticides that has less harmful effects. They must also ensure that proper legal actions are taken any individual or organization, which illegally use excessive chemical pesticides in order to increase productivity by compromising the level of food quality (Gustafson de Haas, 2014). Scientists The scientists of the agricultural department have a crucial role in dealing and accessing the harmful effects that are associated with the excessive use of chemical pesticides. They also need to give special focus on the development of organic pesticides that has the potential to reduce the consequence of chemical poisoning caused due to excessive use of chemical poisoning. The other major stakeholders, who are involved in the use of chemical pesticides, include the agricultural department and the health department of Canada. There is also the Pest control department along with the legal authorities that help to implement the Acts that are related to the use of chemical pesticides. The farmers and the agricultural firms are the stakeholders, who are in favor of the use of the chemical pesticides. The use of the chemical pesticides will help to increase the productivity and thus prevent the loss that is caused due to the pest activity. According to Glozier et al., (2012), every year nearly 35% of the total agricultural crops undergo damage due to the activity of the pests and other harmful insects. The total economic loss of the country is estimated to be around $120 billion dollar. Thus the use of the pesticides can help in the boosting the performance of the agricultural sector of the nation and thereby increase the GDP of the nation. The agricultural scientists have claimed that the use of the chemical pesticides can kill the pests of the food crops, which can otherwise have the potential to harm the human health. On the other hand, the environmentalist including the environment scientists are the major stakeholders, who are against the use of chemical pesticides. The chemical pesticides have the resulted in the destruction of the local biodiversity of Canada. There is also evidence of chronic disease within human that is caused due to the action of the chemical pesticides. There is also evidence that the chemical pesticides can even cause cancer within human (Bassil et al., 2007) The local agricultural firms and farmers have direct influence on the use of the pesticides that will help in fulfilling their objectives of higher rate of production. The firms on the other hand get influenced to use pesticides due to the higher demand that is raised by the food retailers. Due to the rise of population and higher consumer demand, the farmers are influenced to use the chemical pesticides to minimize the production (Sharma Henriques, 2005). On the other hand, the environmentalists have a negative influence on the use of the chemical pesticides. They influence the farmers to use the pesticides on minimum level. The latest research performed by the agricultural scientist has helped the farmers to use the latest form of pesticides that has minimum adverse effects on the local ecological environment. Hence, the stakeholders can have both direct and indirect influence on the use of the pesticides. Purpose: The excessive use of chemical pesticides has resulted in the increased chronic diseases among human and also destroy the natural ecological balance. Hence, it is important for the government of Canada to implement the strict decisions to minimize the harmful effects of chemical pesticides by restricting the use. Background With the effect of modernization with the industrial revolution, the human activity has led to environmental pollution, which is one of the major areas of concern. The rise of population has led to rising in demand of food and agricultural products. According to Ioan-Niculae et al., (2015), the criminalization of the agricultural sector is one of the significant contributions that have helped to increase the productivity of the agricultural products. The chemical pesticide is one of the major products that are used to increase the productivity and produce cheap foods. There is wide range of pesticides that are used that includes weedicides, fungicides, nematodicides and much more ("The Problem with Pesticides | Toxics Action Center," 2016). All the types of pesticides have proved to be beneficial to improve the performance agricultural sectors. The pesticide has been designed to cause inhibition to the activity of the pests and other harmful organisms. Besides pest and harmful insect s, the pesticides can also kill the weeds and other parasitic plants that have the ability to destroy and harm the crops. The pesticide is one of the essential requirements of the modern day agriculture that protect the crops from all harmful effects and ensure that they are not destroyed due to the effects of parasitic activity. Romero (2015), has stated that the history of the use of the pesticide can be dated back to time almost to the beginning of agriculture. However, in the middle of the 20th century, the composition of the pesticide was changed that would help to increase their capability. The first generations of chemical fertilizers were made of toxic elements like Arsenic and compounds like hydrogen cyanide. Other substances like the Bordeaux mixture and sulfur were also used for this purpose, and they were able to effectively destroy the unwanted organisms that are present in the agricultural fields. With the beginning of the green revolution across the globe, the demand for the chemical pesticides has increased rapidly, and it has led to the increased the toxicity of the pesticides. As the t oxicity level of the pesticides increased, the pesticides had started to harm the surrounding environment along with potential damage to the health of human. Present Situation In recent days the scientist has been able to identify the adverse effects on the environment and human health that is caused due to excessive use of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides. According to the report of the World Health Organization, all over the world there are roughly 3 million people who suffer due to the negative effects of chemical pesticides and it causes nearly 222,000 deaths (Masi et al., 2013). According to Tascone et al., (2014), in most of the agricultural firms there is no specific guidelines for amount of chemical fertilizers that is needed for the use of the chemical fertilizers and this had led to the excessive use of the pesticides to deal with the rise of the demand for the agricultural items. The chemical ingredient of the pesticides can cause severe effect on the health of the human. The common form of diseases that is caused due to the use of the chemical pesticides includes memory loss, loss of vision and reduced capability of motor skills. The children are in the group of greater risks of suffering from the health diseases like poor physical and mental development. At present to deal with the adverse effects that are associated with the use of chemical pesticides in Canada, the government had set up the Pest Management Regulatory Agency, which is a division of the health department of Canada. The primary aim of this agency is to effectively manage the use of chemical pesticides in order to reduce the diseases that are spread through pesticide poisoning. The agency was formed in June 2006, and its duty is reported about the current use of the chemical pesticides. The Montague islands of Canada have undergone severe ecological loss due to the effect of pesticide toxicity. The aquatic life of the islands including some endemic spices of fish and reptiles are now on the endangered list. The plant habitat of the region has also suffered hugely due to the effect of chemical pesticides. The study by Zhang et al., (2013), have shown the tadpoles that grown in the local water bodies of the island have suffered from poor mortality rate due to the chemica l compounds that are used as pesticides in the local agricultural firms. The Food Safety Association of Canada has raised vital concerns about the growing use of chemical pesticides and the harmful effects that are associated with it. The health department of the government of Canada and the Agricultural Department have set up several action plan to protect the environment and health of the population. The farmers and the agricultural firms are encouraged to use better quality of pesticides that has lower level of toxic substance. Moreover, there is strict direction given to all the agricultural farmers so that they use the minimal amount of chemical pesticides and also follow the instructions that are provided for the use of the chemical fertilizers. The government of Canada has implemented the enforcement activity and strict laws to ensure that the food producers do not make excessive use of the chemical substance in order to make higher profit by increasing rapid productivity. The government has also set up the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to monito r the quality of food that is being grown in the agricultural firms. The report that is published by the inspection agency has shown that the rate of production of high quality fruits and vegetables in Canada has improved rapidly in the last ten years. In the year of 2006 almost 99%of the fruits and vegetables that were tested by the agency were marked safe for the human consumption as all the use of the chemical agents were found to be below the safety level. The health department of government of Canada has passed the Pest Control and Products Act, under which all the chemical pesticides that used by the farmer need to be registered after passing the quality control test. The health department of Canada government needs to check the scientific composition of the pesticides and ensure that there are no major toxic substances present in the pesticides. Moreover, in order to ensure the current use of the pesticides are prepared using minimum toxic substance the health department re-evaluates the all the registered brands of chemical pesticides at an interval of every 15 years ("Pesticides and Food," 2016). The health department performs the test for health risk assessment in order to ensure that the chemical substances that are used in the pesticides will not have adverse effects on the use of chemical fertilizers. There is a maximum residue limit that is set to decide the level of maximum residue that is marked safe for the consumption of human. The residue limit is decided to depend upon the health concerns of human. It is also important to consider the local climate, topography and geography of the local region of Canada to decide upon the residue limit. Moreover, the limit is also set depending upon the type of vegetable and fruits that are grown in the agricultural fields. The health department of Canada also uses the guidance of international organizations like OECD and WHO in order to decide the level of standard that is needed typo to be used for each type of chemical pesticides ("Safe Food for Canadians Act - About the Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Canadian Food Inspection Agency", 2016). The government of Canada has also implemented the strategy of sustainable pest management that is intended to achieve the maximum possible economic and environmental benefits of the nation. The policies of sustainable pest management also help in the matter maintain the ecological balance of the local bio-diversity and protect the human health. Options available to ban the use of pesticides The legal department of the Government of Canada played a major role in the protection of the people and had passed the Safe Food for Canadians Act 2012 to ensure the safety level of the food and all agricultural products. The government can impose penalty upon individual and organizations that use excessive pesticides above the safety level. This act can also help to strength the level of food inspection that is being carried out by the food safety authority. The Pest Control Products Act was implemented to check the level of individual chemicals that are used in every commercial pesticide. The Act is also indented to monitor the biological diversity of the surrounding environment of an agricultural field that will help to access the effect of chemical pesticides upon the local biological habitat ("Pest Control Products Act," 2016). In the year of 2008, the Ontario legislation passed the Act for banning the Cosmetic pesticides. Under the provision of this Act, the sales of all types of garden and lawn pesticides are completely illegal and the government has the right to impose penalty for the any violation. The implementation of this act also banned the use of the 82 harmful chemicals that were previously used as active ingredients of chemical pesticides. Moreover, the Act also restricted the sale of 295 chemical pesticides that includes Weedout herbicides, killer herbicides and many more ("Highlights of Ontario's Cosmetic Pesticide Ban", 2016). The health department also restricted the use of the neonicotinoid pesticide that has the potential to harm the use insects like butterfly and honey bees. The pesticides also have the potential to contaminate the local water bodies and disrupt the aquatic ecosystem. The state of Montreal and Vancouver has actively supported the ban and Ontaario and Quebec have recommended modifying the use of neonicotinoid pesticide rather than imposing complete ban ("Ban on controversial pesticide proposed by Health Canada", 2016). All the acts implemented and the steps that are taken by the government of Canada are applicable for commercial agricultural pesticides. The residential pesticides, that are used in the local houses for gardening are not included in the above mentioned steps taken by the Canadian government. Recommendations for an alternative As there is rise of concern among the people of Canada about the excessive use of chemical pesticides and the adverse effect associated, it is important for the government and local environmentalist to implement the use of alternative techniques. Tuck et al., (2014), have suggested the use of sustainable agriculture, where the farmers are encouraged the use of organic farming with the help of biological pest control agents like pheromones and genetically modified crops. The genetically modified crops have the capability to resist the action of pests and other harmful organisms. Van Praagh and Modin (2016) believe that use of natural biological control agents like bacteria and fungi and also help in restricting the growth of pests and also do not cause any harm to the crops. The main issue that is associated with the use of the organic agents as pesticides is that they have lower capability compared to that of chemical agents. Nevertheless, with the advancement of organic agricultural science, it is possible for the farmers to reduce the dependency on chemical fertilizers. Hence, instead of complete ban on the use of pesticides, the government of Canada needs to implement the sustained use of the chemical pesticide and also encourage the farmers to use alternative organic pesticides. Reference Ban on controversial pesticide proposed by Health Canada. (2016). CBC News. Retrieved 2 December 2016, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/health-canada-imidacloprid-neonicotinoid-1.3864450 Bassil, K. L., Vakil, C., Sanborn, M., Cole, D. C., Kaur, J. S., Kerr, K. J. (2007). Cancer health effects of pesticides Systematic review.Canadian Family Physician,53(10), 1704-1711.. Bradbury, K. E., Balkwill, A., Spencer, E. A., Roddam, A. W., Reeves, G. K., Green, J., ... Pirie, K. (2014). Organic food consumption and the incidence of cancer in a large prospective study of women in the United Kingdom.British journal of cancer,110(9). Edwards, C. A. (Ed.). (2013).Environmental pollution by pesticides(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Glozier, N. E., Struger, J., Cessna, A. J., Gledhill, M., Rondeau, M., Ernst, W. R., ... Murray, J. L. (2012). Occurrence of glyphosate and acidic herbicides in select urban rivers and streams in Canada, 2007.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,19(3), 821-834. Gustafson, C., de Haas, A. (2014). Rick Smith, Environmentalist: Understanding the Personal Impact of Toxins and Our Various Roles in Making a Difference.Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal,13(4), 50. Highlights of Ontario's Cosmetic Pesticide Ban. (2016). David Suzuki Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2016, from https://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/health/science/pesticides/highlights-of-ontarios-cosmetic-pesticide-ban/ Ioan-Niculae, A., Anda-Irina, A., Alina, M., Carmen, A. (2015, January). DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EUROPEAN MARKET OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. InThe Research Institute for Agriculture Economy and Rural Development. International Symposium. Agrarian Economy and Rural Development: Realities and Perspectives for Romania. Proceedings(p. 167). The Research Institute for Agriculture Economy and Rural Development. MacFadyen, J. (2014). How Agriculture Made Canada: Farming in the Nineteenth Century. By Peter A. Russell.Environmental History, emu110. Masi, A., Campo, J., Vzquez-Roig, P., Blasco, C., Pic, Y. (2013). Screening of currently used pesticides in water, sediments and biota of the Guadalquivir River Basin (Spain).Journal of hazardous materials,263, 95-104. Messing, P., Farenhorst, A., Waite, D., Sproull, J. (2013). Influence of usage and chemicalphysical properties on the atmospheric transport and deposition of pesticides to agricultural regions of Manitoba, Canada.Chemosphere,90(6), 1997-2003. Mostafalou, S., Abdollahi, M. (2013). Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives.Toxicology and applied pharmacology,268(2), 157-177. Pest Control Products Act. (2016). Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 2 December 2016, from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-9.01/page-1.html#h-1 Pesticides and Food. (2016). Hc-sc.gc.ca. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from https://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pubs/pest/_fact-fiche/pesticide-food-alim/index-eng.php Romero, A. (2015). Banned: A History of Pesticides and the Science of Toxicology. Safe Food for Canadians Act - About the Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Canadian Food Inspection Agency. (2016). Inspection.gc.ca. Retrieved 2 December 2016, from https://www.inspection.gc.ca/about-the-cfia/acts-and-regulations/regulatory-initiatives/sfca/eng/1338796071420/1338796152395 Sarwar, M. (2015). A Glance at Pesticides Usage: Remunerations and Complications Associated with Insecticides Putting in Practice.chance,500, 2-1. Tascone, O., Roy, C., Filippi, J. J., Meierhenrich, U. J. (2014). Use, analysis, and regulation of pesticides in natural extracts, essential oils, concretes, and absolutes.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,406(4), 971-980. The Problem with Pesticides | Toxics Action Center. (2016). Toxicsaction.org. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from https://www.toxicsaction.org/problems-and-solutions/pesticides Tuck, S. L., Winqvist, C., Mota, F., Ahnstrm, J., Turnbull, L. A., Bengtsson, J. (2014). Land?use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta?analysis.Journal of Applied Ecology,51(3), 746-755. Van Praagh, M., Modin, H. (2016). Leaching of chloride, sulphate, heavy metals, dissolved organic carbon and phenolic organic pesticides from contaminated concrete.Waste Management,56, 352-358. Zhang, X., Meyer, T., Muir, D. C., Teixeira, C., Wang, X., Wania, F. (2013). Atmospheric deposition of current use pesticides in the Arctic: Snow core records from the Devon Island Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada.Environmental Science: Processes Impacts,15(12), 2304-2311. Sharma, S., Henriques, I. (2005). Stakeholder influences on sustainability practices in the Canadian forest products industry.Strategic management journal,26(2), 159-180.

Essay PPT Samples

Essay PPT SamplesWhy should you read essay PPT samples before you begin writing an essay? Some will say, it is so that you can get ideas from the sample. However, I believe there are much better reasons why you should take your time to learn.There are a few simple techniques you can use in order to make a more cohesive and enjoyable essay. First of all, make sure the words are spelled correctly. Just because you have a fancy word does not mean that you can add your own flair. In fact, using a spell checker is usually a good idea because it can save you from writing something that is incorrect.Next, try to get a feeling for the main point of the essay. If you feel like you can relate to the idea of the sentence or paragraph, then this is most likely the way you will want to do it. For example, if you want to summarize the key points of an essay, then make sure you do so in a way that is easily understood.In addition, don't forget that the essay is one paragraph. It is also just one pa ragraph, so you will want to keep it short. And lastly, make sure the font is large enough to make out the text without much effort.Finally, always look for the sentence structure and flow. How easy will it be to understand what you are trying to say with your essay? It will not only be easier to write, but will be more enjoyable as well.Finally, whenever you do decide to write an essay, make sure that you plan ahead in order to make the article as polished as possible. Do not skip any steps, and always add extra elements when you have the opportunity. And most importantly, make sure you proofread it before publishing it online.While it is certainly possible to find articles that already fit your criteria, you have to keep in mind that these are often outdated and don't meet the needs of the market anymore. Therefore, you have to be very careful when you are deciding what type of essay you want to write. The best way to determine whether or not your article needs more content is to re-read it, and look for things that might need to be changed.You will need to understand how to add your own style to the article. Using essay PPT samples is an excellent way to do this. Most importantly, be careful in your choice of words and sentences, and don't take any shortcuts.

Shadow of a Doubt free essay sample

The mystery of the film is not what causes the suspense, but rather the anxiety that the audience feels stems from Hitchcock’s use of duality as a means to force the audience to face the fact that human contradiction comes from the discontinuity between natural impulses and intellect. He creates parallels that underline similarities and differences that occur simultaneously in society and individuals. Uncle Charlie comes back to his hometown of Santa Rosa, California to visit his sister and her family. There’s also â€Å"Little† Charlie Wright, who loves and adores her uncle. As the movie progresses, Charlie discovers that her beloved uncle might not be what he seems to be—is he the notorious Merry Widow strangler that preys on old, rich women? Or is he an innocent man, wronged by the law? With clues such as the Merry Widow Waltz stuck in her head, the detectives that show up on her doorstep and the expensive but curious ring that her uncle presented her with, Charlie discovers that her uncle is in fact the sick man who believes that killing women is a good idea, and nothing like the man she believed him to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow of a Doubt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With her knowledge, Charlie is a liability to her uncle and his safety so he tries to kill her off by making her death seem accidental. When Uncle Charlie is leaving Santa Rosa to head back east, he lures Charlie onto the train and attempts to suffocate her and throw her off. However, Charlie is able to fight back and she ends up pushing her uncle off the moving train to his death. Shadow of a Doubt takes place in a quiet California town: it is innocent, sweet suburbia where the biggest scandal might be a controversy at a pie-eating contest; but, cynicism penetrates the walls of the town, and evil shows its human face. Hitchcock begins by uses establishing shots of the protagonists’ homes to acclimate the audience with the safe place that will soon be violated. Film Scholar Kevin Hagopian once wrote that Hitchcock â€Å"made the home a place where exotic terror lives uneasily with domesticity† (Kevin Jack Hagopian; imagesjournal. com) referring to the introduction of Uncle Charlie, aka the Merry Widow Murderer, into a typical American family. Having the story take place in an idealistic town makes the drama that evolves all the more exciting. The more happy-go-lucky the setting is the greater kick the audience gets out of the introduction of unexpected drama. However, Hitchcock does not create a stark contrast between the setting and the plot merely for the sake of entertainment purposes; it is the way things happen in real life. Tragic events and sinister crimes are not foreshadowed by the weather. There is never the confirmation that a catastrophe is coming and so the characters in the film (namely Little Charlie) are just as taken aback at the series of events that are unfold, as any other person would be if they were put in the same situation. In this sense, the setting is chosen to create a false sense of security for the characters, because in reality, security is but a thin skin stretched over the whole world. Individual scenes also set up important comparisons and contrasts, either by foreshadowing scenes through repetition or with the use of props and staging. The opening scene of the movie foreshadows the funeral scene at the end. Uncle Charlie is reclining on his bed with his hands crossed over his chest. His spirit is dead, and later on he even suggests to his niece, Little Charlie that he had been considering suicide. The train that causes his demise parallels the funeral procession through the town of Santa Rosa. The cars in the funeral procession move in a grim, single file line the same way the train cars speed down the railway. When Uncle Charlie arrives in Santa Rosa, the train belches black funeral smoke into the sky and a dark shadow is cast over everything to symbolize the arrival of evil in a clean and bright town. The scene in which Little Charlie and Detective Graham go out to dinner and discuss the case at hand parallels the scene in which Charlie’s uncle takes her into the cocktail lounge. When Charlie is with Graham the world is untainted and safe. Graham even mentions that while at dinner they were like two normal people, having normal conversation and enjoying themselves. But when Charlie is escorted into the cocktail lounge by her once-beloved uncle, the bubble that she has lived in is popped and she is forced to accept the fact that the world is â€Å"a foul sty† and an evil place where even the most adored people are not always what they seem to be. The ring that Little Charlie accepts from her beloved uncle is not only onfirmation of his crimes, but it is also a symbolic object. Even though the film is in black and white, Hitchcock makes sure that viewers are conscious of the fact that the stone is an emerald. Emerald is a dualistic color according to Western culture. The color can either be a symbol for nature and the vibrancy of life or it can stand for the negative feelings of greed and jealousy. When Charlie receives the ring, and her uncle places it on her finger, it is representative of the strong bond between them and their almost incestuous relationship. However, towards the end, that same ring is the only evidence that Little Charlie needs to convince herself that her uncle is in fact the killer. Ironically, the beautiful gift that Charles gave his niece is that same thing that severs the tie between them and eventually causes her to want nothing to do with him anymore. Hitchcock also conveys dualism through his characters. On the other side of the country, Little Charlie lies in her bed in practically the same position as her uncle. Her pose supports the indication that she resembles him tremendously. This idea is reinforced again and again throughout the film through dialogue about Little Charlie’s telepathy and her belief that she and her uncle are like twins. When Uncle Charlie arrives at the Newton home and is standing in front of young Charlie’s photograph, his face is mirrored in the glass, and overlapped with her image. However, even though the characters resemble each other in relatively obvious ways, they do differ significantly. Uncle Charlie is a psychologically damaged and cynical killer while his niece is idealistic and pure. Even as the viewer’s become conscious of the differences between the two Charlie’s, the winds change when Little Charlie is compelled to kill her uncle. It was by her hands that he fell to his death; she is the reason he fell off the train. This plot twist forces the audience to realize that not all heroes are pure white and villains a stark black, but instead accept that there are grays everywhere and things aren’t as clear as they seem. Uncle Charlie himself is an example of dualism within a person. Hitchcock has represented him as a sort of dark angel. He believes that he is avenging the husbands of the greedy women who only care about the physical, material things in life. However, he refuses to see his own moral duplicity. When he is eating his breakfast in bed on the first morning of his stay in the Newton home, the camera shot is meant to make the headboard behind him imply black wings. As he smokes and puffs rings of smoke into the air, the smoke forms rings that rise and then disappear into thin air—his â€Å"halo† is a temporary cover up. As he descends the stairs, the shadows in the window frames form an upside-down cross, and the low-angle shot portray him as a man who has strayed so far from the right path that he has been cast down from heaven by God. Despite this, he is still given a hero’s funeral and as the residents of Santa Rosa mourn the loss of a generous man, Detective Graham tells Charlie that her uncle really was not all bad, but just like the rest of the world, â€Å"[he needed] watching, that’s all†. In the film, Hitchcock motivates the audience to acknowledge the discontinuities between their emotions and their intellect. Viewers subconsciously become anxious while watching the movie because it calls to attention the viewers’ emotional dualism. In Shadow of a Doubt, viewers are able to identify with the charismatic killer, Charles Oakley. Even though they know that what he has done/is doing is wrong, they still have a certain soft spot for him and cannot help but try to hold onto that romanticized vision of him that his niece had before she was exposed to his sinister secret. For example, when Charlie informs her uncle of the fact that she knows his secret, the action is seen from the girl’s point of view when he grips her forearm and his face clouds over with menacing glare. The once-charming uncle suddenly turns mean and Charlie’s vision of him changes from admiration to hatred at the discovery of his guilt and she lets him know. However, for the audience, just the knowledge of Uncle Charlie’s evildoings is not enough to completely tarnish their view of him. The viewer’s emotional response to Charlie is to forgive his actions because he is psychologically damaged, even though their brains are telling them that he deserves to be punished because of his heinous crimes. As film critic Vincent Canby (1980) stated, â€Å"Hitchcock transform[s] things given into things unknown, the commonplace experience into the exotic breakthrough. The world just outside the Hitchcock frame, and sometimes inside it, is dark indeed, and this awareness fuels not despair but an insatiable and amused curiosity about what else can possibly go wrong† (Vincent Canby; nytimes. om). By making the given unknown, Hitchcock invites viewers on a voyage of self-discovery. The movie stirs up aspects of them that they would rather keep buried and consequentially creates a feeling of unease and apprehension among the audience. Although Shadow of a Doubt seems very simple and straightforward on the surface; Hitchcock incites emotional discourse within it. By inc orporating duality into the film, he forces the audience to recognize how humans contradict themselves.

Steps for Writing a Short Story (Fiction)

Steps for Writing a Short Story (Fiction) Steps for Writing a Short Story (Fiction) Writing a short story is a great way to practice writing skills. Because a short story limits your word count, you have to determine which details are important and delete the others. This can be a challenge for writers who have so many ideas they want to convey. If you have been tasked with writing a short story but are stuck, here’s some information to help: What is a Short Story? Short stories are fictional works. There are three kinds of short stories: Micro fiction can be as short as five to less than 100 words Flash fiction length ranges from 101 to 1,000 words Traditional can be as long as 5,000 words per story Elements of a Short Story Writers who excel at writing short stories are able to master combining five elements that must be present. These are: Characters these are people, animals, objects, or creatures that think and talk Setting the location where the story takes place Plot the series of events that lead to the climax Theme a general â€Å"truth† about life Point of View the vantage point the author uses to tell a story Steps to Writing a Short Story A short story is an artform that takes practice and dedication. Here is a five-step plan to help you improve your short story writing: Determine what message you’re trying to convey Choosing a theme for the story makes it easier to formulate a story. When you know which lessons the characters should learn or teach the readers, it helps inspire writing. Write a plot that coincides with the message Once you’ve figured your message, create a storyline that coincides with that theme. The first step is what message you want to tell. This second step is how you deliver that message. Create your character Memorable fiction characters are detailed. Give each a distinct personality and allow them to develop. Character development is one of the biggest challenges for short story writers. You only have a handful of pages to transform certain characters. Write an attention-grabbing first paragraph The first paragraph of your story captures the attention of an audience. Make that paragraph interesting by making a bold statement, relate to the audience, appeal to the senses, or add a little mystery. Build to the climax and end with a satisfying resolution Short stories begin closer to the climax than a regular novel would. Keep your build to the climax interesting and fast, and take care not to rush it. Here’s how to build a gripping end to the story: Write a clear-cut ending that explains exactly what happens Provide an open ending that lets the readers decide for themselves how the story ends Offer a monologue from one of the characters, tying it all together Create symbolic ending with meaning beyond the literal one One of the best ways to improve your creative writing skills is to keep reading. Observe the writing techniques of authors you enjoy, and try to develop your own creative writing style. If you need help with writing, editing, proofreading, or finishing a writing assignment, is at your service.