Consumerism Good or Bad - 1921 Words

In todays society consumerism is often portrayed to be a negative aspect of peoples lives and purchasing behaviors which inevitably leads to materialism. Many of these viewpoints can be analyzed as being subjective in that they focus primarily on frivolous products and debts created, but yet fail to acknowledge the processes of the concept of Consumerism. Consumerism is defined as, The movement seeking to protect and inform consumers by requiring such practices as honest packaging and marketing, product guarantees, and improved safety standards; and the theory that a progressively greater consumption of goods is economically beneficial. (dictionary.com). The definition of consumerism and the image depicted by a large majority†¦show more content†¦Many innovations and successes of mankind can be credited to consumerism and the information given to consumers by requiring such practices as honest packaging and marketing, product guarantees, and improved safety standards; and the theory that a progressively greater consumption of goods is economically beneficial by consumerism. Consumerism benefits the environment through several approaches. Marketing for recycling over the past decade has increased with the awareness of environmental issues being spread globally. Consumerism has also pushed marketers to use other tactics of honest advertising which are more environmentally efficient such as using the internet instead of printing magazines and newspapers. With society utilizing technological advances in computers and the internet, these methods of marketing have been proven to be just as effective as traditional methods and much more environmental friendly. Personal health and hygiene can be accredited to consumerism as well as environmental issues. Toothpaste commercials are commonly scene through television advertisements. These advertisements are honest and promote a good personal hygiene. The Got Milk? commercials aid in self well-ness and bo ne preservation globally. Worldwide the environment, personal health, and hygiene are improving with the continuous growth of consumerism. The middle class in America has never had so much disposable income,Show MoreRelatedThe Consumption Function Of Marketing And Promotions Drive Them For Buying Unnecessary Things?875 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween consumption and income, and therefore in economics the consumption function plays a major role Consumerism: as a social and economic order and ideology encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. Basic needs: refers to those fundamental requirements that serve as the foundation for survival. Knowing the difference between consumption and consumerism, it is important to understand that our expenses depends on basics needs and priorities. It should not beRead MoreWhy People Buy Unneeded Things Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between consumption and income, and therefore in economics the consumption function plays a major role .Consumerism: as a social and economic order and ideology encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. Basic needs: refers to those fundamental requirements that serve as the foundation for survival. Knowing the difference between consumption and consumerism, it is important to understand that our expenses depends on basics needs and priorities. It should not beRead MoreBusiness and Society891 Words   |  4 Pagesare rewriting the roles and responsibilities of business as well as its strategies. Though the profit motive of business is understood and accepted, people do not accept it as an excuse for ignoring the basic norms, values, and standards of being a good citizen. Modern businesses are expected to be responsible towards the community resources working toward the growth and success of both their companies and their communities. Business ethics can be examined from various new perspectives, includingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Consumerism On Society825 Words   |  4 PagesConsumerism plays an extreme role in today’s economy and society. It is one of the key aspects of the economy growing, however it negatively affects the people of society. Consumerism has taken over society, with peoples’ need to classify themselves in a certain social status with the purchases of expensive merchandise. It may help the economy thrive, however it is society’s downfall with its depressing need to buy unnecessary products. Through modern technology, consumerism can easily capture peopleRead MoreThe Problem Of Extreme Consumerism926 Words   |  4 PagesConsuming goods and services play the biggest role in the economic system. There undoubtedly wouldn’t be and economic system without the consumption of goods and services. Every day, all over the world, there is an extreme amount of consumerism, but why exactly? What are the possible causes of extreme consumerism? Some of the few possible causes contributing to mass consumerism would include: the want for consumption, the need for consumption, and possibly even hoarders. Although many of the possibleRead MoreThe Harmful Effects of Advertising on Society982 Words   |  4 Pageseyes and brain. Many of them make people feel like crap, that you dont have this car or that house or that body. Advertising is harmful to society because of its limitations on women, it’s fostering of insecurity, and its promotion of materialism/consumerism. Advertisement is harmful to society because it limits women. Women in today’s society are under a lot of pressure, if it’s the way they look or what they are able to do. Advertising takes advantage of women making them buying items they do notRead More The Biological and Psychological Drives Behind Consumerism Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that we have a good enough reason for our choices. However, we often erroneously buy products succumbing to strange compulsion. It is a power of consumerism. The term consumerism is defined as the tendency of people to identify strongly with products they consume, particularly of name brands and status-enhancing appeal. Then, how does the power of consumerism win over our rationality? In this situation, we pretend to regard the primary cause of the impulse consumerism is the commercial seductionsRead MoreCorporate and Collaborate Consumerism875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe top 3 highest paid athletes in the National Football Le ague? Now, who are the California state reps in the House of Representatives? Maybe if corporate or collaborative consumerism was trying to invest in the future, average citizens could answer the last important question. Instead, corporate and collaborative consumerism is the latest tool to help ruin modern society with lack of original thought, manipulation, and damaging the environment. A young women walks into Ikea as she has been sayingRead MoreHow Consumerism Is A Human Behavior777 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of consumerism is a human behavior stimulating a multitude of neurological functions of individuals globally. The behaviors have been classified in both positive and negative terms dependent on perspective and severity. The neurological connection will be examined through similarities between compulsive shopping and illicit drug addiction, the relationship between brand recognition and attachment, as well as the effect of estimating value in material objects compared to life experiencesRead MoreConsumerism and Faith979 Words   |  4 Pagesto keep up with these material items has an effect on quality bonding time which has an effect on money. Consumerism actually sets a person against oneself because of the never-ending mission to acquire material objects therefore people should not concentrate their religious faith in materialism. Consumerism is the idea that influences people to purchase items in great amounts. Consumerism makes trying to live the life of a â€Å"perfect American† rather difficult. It interferes with society by replacing

The Changes Brought On The Catholic Church - 1575 Words

The Changes Brought About to the Catholic Church by Pope Francis Roman Catholicism has long been seen as one of the most unwelcoming religions to date. With its strict guidelines and little to no forgiveness, the church is sometimes feared by other religious groups around the globe. Though lately, there seems to be promise being brought to the Catholic religion. The election of the 266th pope, Pope Francis, has ushered in extensive change for both Catholicism and the way it is perceived by non-Catholics. These reforms of the current pope, although many are controversial, drive the public to believe the church is becoming more open-minded and less austere in its manner. Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born on December 17, 1936 in Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pope Francis Biography). After graduating high school, he attended the University of Buenos Aires before beginning training at the Jesuit seminary of Villa Devoto (Pope Francis Biography). Bergoglio went on to earn a degree in philosophy from the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel and a doctorate in theology in Freiburg, Germany (Pope Francis Biography). He served as both archbishop and cardinal for more than twelve years prior to being elected Pope (Pope Francis Biography). Bergoglio was named the 266th pope of the Roman Catholic Church on March 13, 2013 at the age of 76 (Pope Francis Biography). Encyclopedia Britannica declares that he is â€Å"the first pope from the Western Hemisphere, the first from SouthShow MoreRelatedChanges Brought on By the Renaissance Period Essay534 Words   |  3 Pages16th century Europe was a time of religious and social change. It was a time of new art, architecture, and literature through the Renaissance and new discoveries through the scientific revolution. The 16th century also brought about great change in religion through the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation of the 16th century greatly changed individual freedoms, individual liberties, and the influence of religion. The start of the Protestant ReformationRead MoreMartin Luther And The Catholic1550 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the more significant figures. This paper is about how Martin Luther, a catholic German Monk, played a substantial role in influencing the religion of that time and initiated the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther affected the Catholic Church, which was the major religion in Europe at the time, with his deep-seated beliefs on indulgences and how you can find your own salvation without aid of the Catholic Church or the Pope. After Martin Luther was tried at the Diet of Worms, he was excommunicated;Read MoreChallenges of Religious Pluralism Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, many things have happened in the past few decades to change the way religions have been conducting themselves. One theme that has overly changed over the years is that of pluralism. For many years, America has been a haven of different groupings of people. The British immigration brought with it a different ideology since they lacked unification in their own religious beliefs. This essay seeks to show how the Roman Catholic Church adapted to the challenge of religious pluralism in the AmericanRead MoreCounter Reformation and Art History641 Words   |  3 PagesReformation was a religious movement that divided the church between the Catholics and Protestants. The Counter-Reformation was a reaction movement that followed this originally crusade, and was lead by the Catholics as a response to the wide spread of Protestantism. The purpose of the Counter-Reformation was to spawn internal reforms. This movement was focused on the renewal of the church in the form of the use of images, focus on the church as the house of God, and the veneration of the VirginRead MoreReligious Reform in the Middle Ages1442 Words   |  6 Pageshad been much controversy circling around religion, mainly around the Catholic Church. Many people felt trapped within the church, which sparked many religious ideologists to seek ways around the Catholic beliefs, and still have a relationship with God. During this age a new religion began to emerge from the Catholic faith, Protestantism, which sparked much controversy for many people living in Europe at the time. This era brought many revolutions and sparks a ti me of enlightenment when it came toRead MoreWestern Civilization Of The Byzantine Empire1195 Words   |  5 Pagesstructure and military.   With its many expanding and contracting moments during its period of growth it was centered around, and a major part of the Roman Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  It was called the New Rome, and was influenced by Greeks, Romans, and the Roman Catholic Church.(Bauer, 11)   It mainly was the purpose of retrieving much of the old Roman Empire.   It was located there because it was surrounded by water and had an excellent harbor.   The Byzantine Empire withstood a long, treacherous history that ended afterRead MoreReformation in Continental Europe and England and Its Consequences1611 Words   |  7 PagesReformation is the religious revolution that took place in Western Europe in the 16th century. It arose from objections to doctrines and practices in the medieval church, loss of papal authority and credibility as well as other societal, political and economical issues of the time. This revolution had a major impact on Europe and it gave way to short term and long-term consequences, which still can be seen today. There were many causes of Reformation, some go as far back as the fourteenth centuryRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 Pagestook place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figure from the Protestant ReformationRead MoreAP Euro DBQ Essay examples780 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, mainly between the Catholic Church and Protestants. During these times, many changes were brought forth to Europe during this schism. Although the religious schism brought forth an age of Reformation of the Catholic church, the religious schism started wars, revolts across Germany following the teachings of Luther, and the struggle for power between Catholicism and Protestantism. The religious schism began because of the making of Protestantism. The Catholic Church was corrupted in manyRead MoreCompare and Contrast Religion during Reformation, Industrial Revolution, and World at War1413 Words   |  6 Pagesexperienced religious and church conflicts. During the Renaissance and Reformation (1330 – 1650), the fundamental practices of the church came under fire. The church at this time was the largest and most political body. The pope, himself, was the most recognizable political figure. It was due to this authority that the church and its pope were more interested in political issues and less with the spiritual needs of the people (McGraw-Hill, p. 76). Many of the Roman Catholic Church’s high priests

Is Writing A Discourse Community - 1241 Words

Understand the ways that reader and writer wrote in and beyond the university. On way is writing essays about certain discourse communities like the â€Å"Persuasive† essay, where I had to write about a discourse community I was part of and how it used writing. It was a challenging essay on the part where I had to explain and give examples since my discourse community was my criminal justice study group. It was hard to describe how writing took place and make it persuasive showing why writing is important to my discourse community.Second is reading different articles that were connected to different discourse communities from each other. And writing a response to the article was great because it makes me think little and look deeper instead of†¦show more content†¦And also gave me chance to experience different types of essays.These were some things that helped me master some say reader and writer wrote beyond the university. The second goal is understand and use process of reading, writing and research, which i did by doing the opposition essay and by giving feedback on a classmate s essay.The opposition essay was like a research paper, it was a process of researching and putting the information together and creating an essay that answers the prompt. This essay was like teaching the process of research and how to support evidence. It was like intro or preview of how a research paper is done. And giving feedback on the essays was like similar process of a research paper but just done a little different. When I got to read the paper and look for something that needs to be changed or errors like research and then I would explain why that was, like supporting evidence. It was helpful getting feedback from others and hearing what they have to say about the essay.These were two things that help me accomplish the goal. The third goal is develop a metacognitive understanding of the processes of reading, writing, and thinking, I did by doing the discourse essay, and personal narrative, journals and reading response.The discourse community essay contained thinking because I had to think back how writing was being used and how I could support that.Then getting it all down on the paper by writing the essay. Reading was

I, Myself, And My Body - 1222 Words

Patrick Katz PHI 1103 Michael Bruno Word Count-1218 5 May 2016 Me, Myself, and My Body The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. For years, philosophers have been perplexed by the mind-body problem. The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. The mind-body problem discusses the mind and body, along with the relationship between them. Dualists and monists are the two types of people that take a stand on the issue. While Dualism may spilt mind and body, monism is the belief that the mind and body are together one. Each of these beliefs can be broken down into types, justifying monism or dualism. Though each have been†¦show more content†¦On the other side of dualism is interaction. Interaction is the way the mind and body interact among each other, so the three variations of this are interactionism, epiphenomenalism, and parallelism. Interactionism is where one believes that the mind and body influence one another. Next, epiphenomenalism dictate s that mental occurrences are caused by physical ones, but have no influence on the physical. Now parallelism is different because it shares the view that both mental and physical states are not casually interacting, yet running in harmony with it. These are all the different types of dualism that have been theorized to this day. Many philosophers justify why dualism is the right theory behind the mind-body problem. However, there are others that believe monism is the ideal theory towards the question. Monism is the view that the mind and body are essentially one. Within monism there are several different types; idealistic monism, materialistic monism, neutral monism, reflexive monism, substantial monism, attributive monism, and absolute monism. To begin, the idealistic monism view is one that shows the mind being all that exists and that everything else is simply a part of one’s mental depiction. Materialistic monism on the other hand is the complete opposite in that it holds that only the physical is real and the mind is reduced to the physical. More specific

Suicide Thesis Essay - 2077 Words

I. INTRODUCTION: ï‚ · Thesis: While Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem, I believe That Suicide is wrong. II. BODY PAGE 1: The History of Suicide ï‚ · Opening Sentence: Why do people commit Suicide? ï‚ · Detail 1: Suicide Methods ï‚ · Detail 2: Suicide and Mental illness ï‚ · Detail 3: Prevention III. BODY PAGE II: School Bullying/Teen Suicides ï‚ · Transition/Opening Sentence: The Bullies have a new way to attack people over the internet. ï‚ · Detail 1: The Factors that contribute to Suicide ï‚ · Detail 2: How the Internet/Social Media Has Had an Impact on Suicide in Young Adults ï‚ · Detail 3: The many different forms of Bullying that can lead to a IV. BODY PAGE III: Military/Terrorist Suicide ï‚ · Transition/Opening Sentence: Could Suicide†¦show more content†¦Whilst cyber bullying is not physical it’s emotional and psychological effects are devastating for the victim and can often lead to suicide and depression (Hinduja amp; Patchin, 2010). Social Networking sites act as a platform where bullies can say things they might not usually say to someone in person, anonymity and less physical proximity act as a wall between the bully and the victim, none the less, the words or rumors’ that are shared are still just as hurtful. Bullies often feel more confident online and they can contact their victims anytime, anywhere, day or night, not just in the school yard (Smith et al., 2008).† (Procon. (24 O). Retrieved from http://socialnetworking.procon.org/) For example â€Å"Jamey Rodemeyer in 2011 a 14-year-old boy from Williamsville, NY, took his life after what his parents claim was years of bullying because of struggles with his sexuality. His pa rents, Tracy and Tim Rodemeyer, say that Jamey faced bullies for years, though things intensified in middle school, according to NBC 2. According to NBC, the Rodemeyers had gone to the school about the problem in the past. Jamey even soughtShow MoreRelatedReconciling Edna s Suicide And The Criticism Surrounding861 Words   |  4 PagesReconciling Edna’s Suicide and the Criticism Surrounding† by Mary Bird. The first essay I read was titled â€Å"Reconciling Edna’s Suicide and the Criticism Surrounding† by Mary Bird. In this essay she reveals two point of views about Edna’s death. Bird presents two thesis statements. The first thesis is â€Å"†¦awakening is one of mental clarity, and her suicide is a triumphant act. By committing suicide Edna is finally freeing herself from social constraints and possession.† The second thesis is â€Å"Edna’s awakingRead MoreAnalysis of Charles Colsons Essay on Gay Marriage896 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay titled â€Å"Gay Marriage: Societal Suicide,† Charles Colson talks about his reasons for opposing same-sex marriage. The essays’ main argument is built around Colson’s belief that legalizing same-sex marriage would lead to the decoupling of marriage, and ultimately result in what he describes as: â€Å"an explosive increase in family collapse, out of wedlock births - and crime.† Colson shares his personal experiences as a prison minister, various studies, statistics, and real world examples toRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1445 Words   |  6 PagesENG 3U1 – The Catcher in the Rye Essay Outline Assignment Task: Pick one of the essay prompts below. Your answer to the prompt will be the thesis of your essay. Thoughtfully and carefully craft an essay outline to develop and defend your thesis. Be concise and to the point, this is only an outline! You may consult your agenda, previous notes and our class for essay writing tips. Be sure to use text-based evidence to support your thesis. Essay Prompts Throughout the novel, Holden is a tormented adolescentRead MoreShould Doctors Lie To The Truth910 Words   |  4 Pages In the article, â€Å"Should Doctors Lie,† Joseph Collin expresses his argument backing his thesis up with deep detail. The article’s main topic is whether or not doctors should lie to their patients, and whether it is ethical. He agrees that the doctors should not be required to be truthful with their patients. In the article, Collins thesis state``s, â€Å"Should doctors tell patients the truth?   Where I, on the witness stand, am obligated to answer the question with â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no,† I should answer inRead MoreWhen an author writes a piece of work, they go through several drafts before they feel that their1300 Words   |  6 Pageswriter is grammar. I tend to misuse commas a lot, which on my essays were labeled â€Å"comma splices.† In the first few essays that I wrote, I had a few of these comma splices. For example in my summary essay I wrote, â€Å"Julie spent two years in Indonesia studying and performing, she had become one of the family in the village where she stayed.† That comma should not have been put there. I had the same comma splice problem in my critique essay. I wrote, â€Å"She partook in an experimental problem that onlyRead MoreSummary OfCanadas Genocide By Michael Downey Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Downey’s essay, â€Å"Canada’s ‘Genocide’: Thousands Taken from Their Homes Need Help† (Downey 445-448), imparts a harrowing account of the hardships and trauma induced by the controversial child apprehensions, often referred to as the ‘Sixties Scoop.’ The essay opens with Downey’s heart-rending recount of Carla Williams’ story, detailing her first-hand experience as a subject of this abuse, who managed to survive and come out triumphant. This explicit topic introduction foreshadows and givesRead More Codependency in Samuel Becketts Endgame Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagestyrannical king, who fancies himself as a great lord, with Clov as his servant. His main thesis is that the principal effect of Endgame, as a dramatic work, is that it derives from the deft manner in which a consciously sustained surface, itself a meanin gless exercise in various techniques, is held in tension with the expressive significance of what is suggested beneath it. (119) In relation to my thesis his criticism bares many similar attributes that affiliate it with the underlying codependencyRead MoreAnalysis Of Hildebrand s The Feminine Sea 1323 Words   |  6 Pagesthat her intended audience is: readers of American literature, realist literature, late 19th- and early 20th-century literature, and any overlaps of these. In this essay, Hildebrand uses The Awakening and other sources to argue for her thesis: Edna’s self-identifications of gender, race, and class contribute to how and why she commits suicide. There are two main themes of Hildebrand’s argument for gender identity influencing Edna’s death: Edna’s relationship with Adele, Madame Reisz, and the ColonelRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1714 Words   |  7 Pageslead to more crime and shady methods of obtaining guns, which may be worse of f to control ultimately. Now diving deeper into gun control research, it was time to come back to my initial question: Does own a firearm increase the risk of homicide and suicide within the household? Across several studies, I was astonished to what I had found. The first study I took a look at was done by the American Journal of Epidemiology. For this specific research case, they focused on the risks of having firearms inRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1846 Words   |  8 Pages Final essay The research that I conducted this semester focused on the Second Amendment and whether or not it should eliminate. Essay one, The Rights to Bear Arms explains citizens have the right to rebel against a tyrannical government by using guns for self-defense, and the gun owner shouldn t deprive of something they love because other people abuse it. Essay two â€Å"Gun control† argue that the Second Amendment should eliminate because it increased the potential for crimes and the number

Bureaucracy free essay sample

The following case, Wichita Confronts Contamination, involves a vast polluted underground lake containing hazardous industrial waste. The site is located in the heart of the downtown, Wichita business district. The contamination was spreading about a foot a day and it was feared that water quality deterioration and serious health issues would result. The City Manager, Chris Cherches, is faced with the responsibility to draft a plan to resolve the crisis. The following details the process and the dynamics.. During the period of 1990, the down town business district of Wichita, Kansas was experiencing economical hardship due to the skyrocketing oil industry and the nationwide real estate slump. At the same time, the local leaders were in the process of developing strategies for urban renewal and new investments that would stimulate economic growth. They estimated $375 million would cover the entire revitalization project. In the wake of all this activity, they discovered hazardous chemical waste had been detected in some private and industrial wells in downtown Wichita. The Banking industry got wind of this and put a damper on granting loans for real estate. In June 1990, a local manufacturer, Coleman incorporated, approached the legal department about a contamination problem he discovered in the fall of 1988. Panic struck†¦. and it all hit the fan†¦. when the Kansas Dept. of Health and Environment, acting on behalf of the Environment Protection Agency, reported that Wichita was sitting on an underground polluted lake -dubbed the Gilbert and Mosley site.. The site was four miles long and one-and one half miles wide. The polluted aquifer was right beneath the â€Å"center† of the business district. The parcels affected had an estimated value of $86 million. This six-square mile area included major banks, hotels, homes and industrial headquarters. During the investigation, (KDHE) discovered a chemical degreaser used on metal was found at Coleman’s â€Å"headquarters† at the north end of the site. Question? Who is the responsible party? City Manager, Chris Cherches developed a comprehensive report that estimated to clean the aquifer could cost about $20 million and take as long as 20 years. Chris Cherches presented his report to the (KDHE) and they had two recommendations: Either the companies responsible could clean up the area, or the state would rank the site for National Priority List, the first step toward activating â€Å"Superfund†. Initiated in 1980, a Superfund site is a toxic waste site that falls under the Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund program. Superfund sites are areas contaminated with hazardous material left by corporate or government entities whose operations may have moved. The federal government launched the landmark Superfund program to wipe out the problem. Under the Superfund law, passed by Congress, companies and other parties found responsible for polluting sites are required to clean up the areas or pay the costs for cleanup to the (EPA). The National Priorities List (NPL) is the EPA’s list of toxic waste sites that the agency has determined present a significant risk to human health or the environment. (2) In addition, KDHE’s report identified 508 other area businesses as Potentially Responsible Parties under Superfund law. Even more threatening, if the financial institutions made real estate loans in the Gilbert-Mosley district, they too could incur Superfund liability. As a result, all lending activity was halted. A local developer, David Burk, lost investors because it suddenly became impossible to sell property in that area. As the threats of uncertain liability arose, and the lost of real estate sales, the county appraiser’s office was receiving request for property reduction. Devastation was all over the place†¦with property values going down, groundwater issues, there would be no need for urban redevelopment. City Manager, Cherches had to quickly weigh his options and develop a plan as soon as possible. His first priority was to begin cleaning up the aquifer and second, convince the financial institution to resume lending in the Gilbert-Mosley area. He believed that as long as property values remained at their quota, then the community core could be salvaged. The next urgent order of business was to convince Coleman and others to take charge of the Gilbert-Mosley site because it was a business dilemma. A â€Å"potentially responsible party† or PRP, is a company, organization or individual that the EPA determines possibly played a role in the contamination of a Superfund site. This includes parties involved in generation of the waste, and parties involved in transporting it to the site. PRPs can also include past and present owners of the land or facility, and past and present facility operators. In his research, City Manager, Cherches discovered that groundwater contamination had also occurred three years earlier at a smaller site known as 29th and Mead. The same rhetoric occurred regarding this particular site†¦. banks stopped lending, property values lowered 40 percent , and the city came in agreement with Coleman to pay for the initial (EPA’s) Feasibility Study. However, during that period, negotiations were stalled and the state placed the site on the National Priorities List resulting in years of real estate entanglement. Cherches did not want to repeat â€Å"History† given this experience since time was the essence. There were more than 500 other PRP’s and Coleman was denouncing full responsibility for the over-all contamination. Therefore, the city was in a horrific stance on agreeing who was responsible for what. If there were no agreement resolutions, then there could be no quick clean up action and the Banking industry would not resume lending until the contamination issue had been resolved. The next option and far less appealing was to allow EPA and the Superfund to become involved in the project. (3) If they became involved, the cost of cleaning up Gilbert-Mosley would be astronomical. Cost not limited would include: oversight contractor cost to monitor the work flow of the regular contractor, polluters faced administrative cost of EPA itself and prolonged multi-party litigation cost. In as much, EPA was allowed to charge punitive charges as a means of replenishing their fund and the Superfund law called on EPA personnel to charge their time to the private firms. The Superfund is desperately short of money to clean up abandoned waste sites, which has created a backlog of sites that continue to menace the environment and, quite often, the health of nearby residents. Initially, the program was funded by a tax on polluters, which fed the actual â€Å"Superfund†, a pool of money used to pay for the clean up sites whose polluters were unknown or unable to do the work. But the tax law expired in 1995, under a Republican-controlled Congress, and the $3. 8 billion that had accumulated in the fund at its peak ran day in 2003. As a result of the funding shortage, site clean up plans are stretched out over longer periods of time because there isn’t enough money to get them done quickly and still pay for other ongoing cleanups. Currently, fund-led cleanups are paid for with taxpayer money and any money recovered form PRPs. Accordingly, a number of construction completions have been delayed on purpose. City Manager, Cherches knew that involving the Superfund would be a massive undertaking of funding and lost of momentum. Steps to a typical Superfund cleanup could take up to 10 years of which seven years are spent on study assessment, legal proceedings and creating a remedy before the actual cleanup begins. Mayor Knight consulted with other mayors about his contamination problem and they warned him to avoid Superfund. Manager, Cherches decided to reject both options presented by the (KHDE) and to develop a platform for the city of Wichita to take full responsibility for the Gilbert-Mosley cleanup. Wichita began to develop strategies and create various mechanisms to encourage the banks to start lending in the contaminated area again. The key was to find a way to â€Å"finance† their massive clean up problem. Cherches had to prove to the state and the EPA that he could dead lock funds to support what could be a 20 year project. He knew that Coleman would pay as much as possible, but recouping clean up cost from the other polluters was uncertain. Therefore, Cherches developed a powerful alternative to impose a statewide tax that would spread the burden to the broadest number of constituents. (4) Wichita City Council was not in favor of committing tax dollars for such an arduous task. Before the city of Wichita could undertake this project; they had to be determined to make this work long before a commitment from Coleman and other major contributors was settled. No one knew of any city stepping in to accept liability for a contamination problem it had not caused. The central business district in Wichita could not afford to wait any longer. The success of the plane would depend on â€Å"Intergovernmental Relations† meaning cooperation from †¦. the city manager’s office, the city council, the county commission, the school board, lenders, constituents, Coleman, KDHE, the state legislature, the governor and the EPA. KDHE had warned the city that if a cleanup plan had not taken shape, the state would recommend that EPA take over. If Wichita was unable to solve it, then the inevitability of â€Å"Superfund† was pending. City Manager, Chris Cherches quickly set up a tax increment finance plan that would raise funds for the redevelopment district. Once the improvements were in place, the difference between the old and the new property assessments would create a higher value increment that would be used to pay for the revitalization program. This program is defined as a â€Å"decrement plan†. They would â€Å"devalue† all the property in the Gilbert-Mosley area by 40 percent and then immediately raise values back up to their pre-contamination level believing that the city would restore lost value. The difference would be set aside to finance the cleanup. Cherches round table negotiations with the Kansas Dept. of Health and Environment, city council, the public and the EPA were all in favor of his concept. The next order of business was to convince bankers to resume lending. The bankers soon became allies with Cherches because they too would have been held liable for the cleanup as well as losing the value of their Gilbert-Mosley investments. The catch, bankers were reluctant to resume lending until they had some legal protection in place from cleanup liability. The city devised a document called, â€Å"Certificate and Release for Environmental Conditions† to protect and release property owners, businesses, banks and residents from any Superfund cleanup liability. All anyone had to do was just apply to the city for this document. The banking industry embraced the idea of the certificate, but they wanted the city to receive firm assurance from the (EPA) that they wound not take over the Gilbert-Mosley site and override the agreements with KDHE and Coleman or push through to make changes in state law used for long-term projects. (5) With all minds in agreement, EPA agreed and the city followed all requirements, but with (KDHE) acting as the primary oversight agency. All the city had to do was report to regularly to the EPA on its progress. Although no written documents were signed, Morris Kay, Director of the Environmental Protection Agency, guaranteed that as long as the city was operating according to agency requirement, Superfund would not intervene. At the last minute, the city learned that a Kansas state law called â€Å"Cash Basis-Budget† designed to ensure fiscal responsibility would not allow local government to commit operating revenues beyond one year. The city needed an exception and an amendment to TIF law because they had to be able to commit funds raised over a long term period. The Gilbert-Mosley project was a 20 year effort and they needed those funds to contract with (KDHE). To get approval, the decision would be in the hands of the city legislatures who met only from January through April. Noted from previous settings, the legislatures were very antagonistic and hard to convince. Matters didn’t get any better when both the county assessor and the state property director declared the city’s tax increment proposal as unworkable†. In its place, three County Legislators who reviewed the city TIF bill, enacted an amendment that allowed municipalities to earmark 20 percent of a specially created TIF annual property tax for environmental cleanups. It functions like the decrement plan. Each year 20 percent of property tax revenues would go toward ground water clean up for the next 20 years. On March 26, Wichita signed a decree with (KDHE) outlining the oversight responsibility and explaining how the Certificate of Release would come into play. On April 23, Coleman signed an agreement to pay $1 million for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility study and to pay all cleanup cost for the area where he was the main polluter. In addition, he agreed to split cost with the city in a second area where he was a contributor to the contamination. Coleman acted in good faith because if he Gilbert-Mosley site became a Superfund, he would have been subject to higher cost and endless third party litigations. Surprisingly, one week after Coleman signed his contract, the Kansas Legislators approved the city TIF bill. Finally, on May 14, several banks came in agreement to lend on the security of real properties within Gilbert-Mosley as long as they had obtained a Certificate and Release for Environmental Conditions. One year after the Certificate and Release program began, the business district in the Gilbert-Mosley area returned to normal. (6) In conclusion, the sharing of responsibility and power between Kansas and the government is an example of check and balances. It would be difficult for any one system to make rational decisions to benefit activities or to design any coherent changes in the system itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦it requires Interdependence, Complexity and Intergovernmental Bargaining. Power is shared. Instead of one branch controlling decisions about policy, it must be mutual and accommodating. The style of decision making is one of bargaining under conditions of conflict among the participants. The participants in government have different interest to serve and objectives to seek: yet one cannot succeed by acting unilaterally.

Environmental Health Effects

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Health Effects . Answer: Introduction The pesticides are chemical substance that is used in agricultural activities that help to reduce the adverse effects of pest and other harmful insects that have the ability to cause harm to the crops. The destruction that is caused due to the effects of pests and insects in the crops can result in financial loss of the farmers and the economic loss of the nation. In Canada, the agricultural products have a significant part of the GDP of the nation. According to MacFadyen (2014), the total value of the agricultural products in Canada is estimated to be 1,600 million dollars. The trade and the marketing economics of the country are dependent on the performance of the agricultural performance of the nation. There is a wide range of business products that are dependent on the agricultural products that are dependent on the agricultural products, which also suffers due to the loss in the agricultural products. Hence, the loss in the agricultural sector due to the action of pests can caus e economic crisis of the nation. Hence, in order to avoid the consequence of economic loss due to poor production of agricultural products, it is important to use the pesticides and ensure that no crops are harmed from pest attacks. The pesticides destroy the pests mainly by inhibiting the enzyme activity by protein denaturation mechanism. It can also destroy the immune system of the pests thereby causing their death. Over the years these products have been found to be very helpful for farmers, as their tension of their crops getting affected by pests were reduced. As a result, production increased to a large extent, leading to significant profit margins. In the recent studies, however, the scientists have identified several drawbacks and negative effects that are associated with the use of pesticides (Edwards, 2013). The chemical agents that are used in the pesticides can even cause harm to foods that are produced from the agriculture. The consumption of those foods can cause physiological harm to human and may eff ect in the chronic disease. Moreover, it can cause harm to the mental and physical development of young children. There has been huge controversy over the use of pesticides within Canada due to the environmental loss that it caused. This following report below will shed light on the various aspects of pesticides and how it has resulted in several diseases among different animals of every class. It is very much essential for deciding whether the banning of pesticides would be feasible or not. Involvement of Stakeholders and their impact The stakeholders are the people, who are involved in a system and play a significant role in the operation of the system. The decision taken by the stakeholders and the duty they perform a major impact on the function of the system. The influence of the stakeholders can have huge impact in the goal achievement process. Farmers The farmers are most important stakeholders, who are involved in the use of production of agricultural materials. As the use of pesticides are an important in the growth of the crops that is needed to avoid the loss in the agricultural products. The farmers come in direct contact with the use of the pesticide products, and thus they have the risk of facing the direct impact on the use of pesticides. According to the study done by Mostafalou and Abdollahi (2013), the direct use of chemical pesticides without taking proper protection can have adverse effects on the skin. The short and long term effect level of exposure to pesticides can cause the farmers to several physiological problems that even can lead to death. As the farmers come to direct contact with the pesticides, there is high risk that the chemicals can enter the body and cause severe damage to the internal organs and can also result in skin burn disease. Agricultural Companies The agricultural companies are other major stakeholders of the use of pesticides. In order to meet the rising demand for the agricultural products, all the major agricultural firms are forced to make use of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides to minimize the damage that is caused due to the pest activity. However, it is the duty of the agricultural firms to ensure that the farmers, who come in direct contact with the chemical pesticides, take adequate protection by using protective gloves and masks that help will prevent the chemical agents to enter the body (Sarwar, 2015). The environmental pollution is one of the major adverse effects that is related to the use of chemical pesticides. The soil of the agricultural fields can absorb the pesticides and thereby have the potential to contaminate the underground water and the local water bodies. Moreover, as the pesticides have denaturing agent for destroying the enzymatic activity of the pests, it can also cause harm to useful bacte ria that helps to tarp nitrogen in the soil needed for the growth of the plants. Hence, the use of chemical pesticides can have adverse effects on the ecological balance of a region. The natural organic minerals that are present in the soil can also be destroyed with the use of excessive chemical pesticides. Moreover, Messing et al. (2013), have mentioned that the use of chemical pesticides can also deplete the nutritional value of the of the food and cause chemical contamination. Food Retailers Another important stakeholder involved in the pesticide debate are the food retailers who are directly or indirectly associated with the farmers, as they purchase the food products produced by the farmers. As there is rise of high quality agricultural foods in the market, the retail companies have the deal with the shortage of supply that is directly linked to the use of chemical pesticides. As the farmers face the pressure of food production they are forced to use the chemical pesticides in order to increase the productivity. Nevertheless, with the increase of rising of health concern among the public, it is important the food retailers focus on the matter of quality of food that is being sold in the market. As the use of chemical pesticides can cause contamination of the food, it is essential for the farmers to make controlled use of the chemical pesticides. Bradbury et al.,(2014), have mentioned about the importance of the use of organic pesticides that can be one of the best alte rnatives for the use of the chemical pesticides. Hence it has also become an important point of discussion among the leading chain of food retailers over the past decade, for they are also thinking of various ways to ban the pesticide use and think of alternative uses to overcome the issues. Environmentalist The environmentalist plays a significant role in determining the negative effects of chemical pesticides. They also have the role of increasing the level of awareness of with the public and government. As the chemical pesticides can cause harm to the ecological balance and also the health of human, it is important to adopt intervention measures that will help to minimize the adverse effects of chemical pesticides. The environmentalist need to provide valuable suggestions to the government bodies to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and encourage the use of alternative eco-friendly organic pesticides that has less harmful effects. They must also ensure that proper legal actions are taken any individual or organization, which illegally use excessive chemical pesticides in order to increase productivity by compromising the level of food quality (Gustafson de Haas, 2014). Scientists The scientists of the agricultural department have a crucial role in dealing and accessing the harmful effects that are associated with the excessive use of chemical pesticides. They also need to give special focus on the development of organic pesticides that has the potential to reduce the consequence of chemical poisoning caused due to excessive use of chemical poisoning. The other major stakeholders, who are involved in the use of chemical pesticides, include the agricultural department and the health department of Canada. There is also the Pest control department along with the legal authorities that help to implement the Acts that are related to the use of chemical pesticides. The farmers and the agricultural firms are the stakeholders, who are in favor of the use of the chemical pesticides. The use of the chemical pesticides will help to increase the productivity and thus prevent the loss that is caused due to the pest activity. According to Glozier et al., (2012), every year nearly 35% of the total agricultural crops undergo damage due to the activity of the pests and other harmful insects. The total economic loss of the country is estimated to be around $120 billion dollar. Thus the use of the pesticides can help in the boosting the performance of the agricultural sector of the nation and thereby increase the GDP of the nation. The agricultural scientists have claimed that the use of the chemical pesticides can kill the pests of the food crops, which can otherwise have the potential to harm the human health. On the other hand, the environmentalist including the environment scientists are the major stakeholders, who are against the use of chemical pesticides. The chemical pesticides have the resulted in the destruction of the local biodiversity of Canada. There is also evidence of chronic disease within human that is caused due to the action of the chemical pesticides. There is also evidence that the chemical pesticides can even cause cancer within human (Bassil et al., 2007) The local agricultural firms and farmers have direct influence on the use of the pesticides that will help in fulfilling their objectives of higher rate of production. The firms on the other hand get influenced to use pesticides due to the higher demand that is raised by the food retailers. Due to the rise of population and higher consumer demand, the farmers are influenced to use the chemical pesticides to minimize the production (Sharma Henriques, 2005). On the other hand, the environmentalists have a negative influence on the use of the chemical pesticides. They influence the farmers to use the pesticides on minimum level. The latest research performed by the agricultural scientist has helped the farmers to use the latest form of pesticides that has minimum adverse effects on the local ecological environment. Hence, the stakeholders can have both direct and indirect influence on the use of the pesticides. Purpose: The excessive use of chemical pesticides has resulted in the increased chronic diseases among human and also destroy the natural ecological balance. Hence, it is important for the government of Canada to implement the strict decisions to minimize the harmful effects of chemical pesticides by restricting the use. Background With the effect of modernization with the industrial revolution, the human activity has led to environmental pollution, which is one of the major areas of concern. The rise of population has led to rising in demand of food and agricultural products. According to Ioan-Niculae et al., (2015), the criminalization of the agricultural sector is one of the significant contributions that have helped to increase the productivity of the agricultural products. The chemical pesticide is one of the major products that are used to increase the productivity and produce cheap foods. There is wide range of pesticides that are used that includes weedicides, fungicides, nematodicides and much more ("The Problem with Pesticides | Toxics Action Center," 2016). All the types of pesticides have proved to be beneficial to improve the performance agricultural sectors. The pesticide has been designed to cause inhibition to the activity of the pests and other harmful organisms. Besides pest and harmful insect s, the pesticides can also kill the weeds and other parasitic plants that have the ability to destroy and harm the crops. The pesticide is one of the essential requirements of the modern day agriculture that protect the crops from all harmful effects and ensure that they are not destroyed due to the effects of parasitic activity. Romero (2015), has stated that the history of the use of the pesticide can be dated back to time almost to the beginning of agriculture. However, in the middle of the 20th century, the composition of the pesticide was changed that would help to increase their capability. The first generations of chemical fertilizers were made of toxic elements like Arsenic and compounds like hydrogen cyanide. Other substances like the Bordeaux mixture and sulfur were also used for this purpose, and they were able to effectively destroy the unwanted organisms that are present in the agricultural fields. With the beginning of the green revolution across the globe, the demand for the chemical pesticides has increased rapidly, and it has led to the increased the toxicity of the pesticides. As the t oxicity level of the pesticides increased, the pesticides had started to harm the surrounding environment along with potential damage to the health of human. Present Situation In recent days the scientist has been able to identify the adverse effects on the environment and human health that is caused due to excessive use of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides. According to the report of the World Health Organization, all over the world there are roughly 3 million people who suffer due to the negative effects of chemical pesticides and it causes nearly 222,000 deaths (Masi et al., 2013). According to Tascone et al., (2014), in most of the agricultural firms there is no specific guidelines for amount of chemical fertilizers that is needed for the use of the chemical fertilizers and this had led to the excessive use of the pesticides to deal with the rise of the demand for the agricultural items. The chemical ingredient of the pesticides can cause severe effect on the health of the human. The common form of diseases that is caused due to the use of the chemical pesticides includes memory loss, loss of vision and reduced capability of motor skills. The children are in the group of greater risks of suffering from the health diseases like poor physical and mental development. At present to deal with the adverse effects that are associated with the use of chemical pesticides in Canada, the government had set up the Pest Management Regulatory Agency, which is a division of the health department of Canada. The primary aim of this agency is to effectively manage the use of chemical pesticides in order to reduce the diseases that are spread through pesticide poisoning. The agency was formed in June 2006, and its duty is reported about the current use of the chemical pesticides. The Montague islands of Canada have undergone severe ecological loss due to the effect of pesticide toxicity. The aquatic life of the islands including some endemic spices of fish and reptiles are now on the endangered list. The plant habitat of the region has also suffered hugely due to the effect of chemical pesticides. The study by Zhang et al., (2013), have shown the tadpoles that grown in the local water bodies of the island have suffered from poor mortality rate due to the chemica l compounds that are used as pesticides in the local agricultural firms. The Food Safety Association of Canada has raised vital concerns about the growing use of chemical pesticides and the harmful effects that are associated with it. The health department of the government of Canada and the Agricultural Department have set up several action plan to protect the environment and health of the population. The farmers and the agricultural firms are encouraged to use better quality of pesticides that has lower level of toxic substance. Moreover, there is strict direction given to all the agricultural farmers so that they use the minimal amount of chemical pesticides and also follow the instructions that are provided for the use of the chemical fertilizers. The government of Canada has implemented the enforcement activity and strict laws to ensure that the food producers do not make excessive use of the chemical substance in order to make higher profit by increasing rapid productivity. The government has also set up the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to monito r the quality of food that is being grown in the agricultural firms. The report that is published by the inspection agency has shown that the rate of production of high quality fruits and vegetables in Canada has improved rapidly in the last ten years. In the year of 2006 almost 99%of the fruits and vegetables that were tested by the agency were marked safe for the human consumption as all the use of the chemical agents were found to be below the safety level. The health department of government of Canada has passed the Pest Control and Products Act, under which all the chemical pesticides that used by the farmer need to be registered after passing the quality control test. The health department of Canada government needs to check the scientific composition of the pesticides and ensure that there are no major toxic substances present in the pesticides. Moreover, in order to ensure the current use of the pesticides are prepared using minimum toxic substance the health department re-evaluates the all the registered brands of chemical pesticides at an interval of every 15 years ("Pesticides and Food," 2016). The health department performs the test for health risk assessment in order to ensure that the chemical substances that are used in the pesticides will not have adverse effects on the use of chemical fertilizers. There is a maximum residue limit that is set to decide the level of maximum residue that is marked safe for the consumption of human. The residue limit is decided to depend upon the health concerns of human. It is also important to consider the local climate, topography and geography of the local region of Canada to decide upon the residue limit. Moreover, the limit is also set depending upon the type of vegetable and fruits that are grown in the agricultural fields. The health department of Canada also uses the guidance of international organizations like OECD and WHO in order to decide the level of standard that is needed typo to be used for each type of chemical pesticides ("Safe Food for Canadians Act - About the Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Canadian Food Inspection Agency", 2016). The government of Canada has also implemented the strategy of sustainable pest management that is intended to achieve the maximum possible economic and environmental benefits of the nation. The policies of sustainable pest management also help in the matter maintain the ecological balance of the local bio-diversity and protect the human health. Options available to ban the use of pesticides The legal department of the Government of Canada played a major role in the protection of the people and had passed the Safe Food for Canadians Act 2012 to ensure the safety level of the food and all agricultural products. The government can impose penalty upon individual and organizations that use excessive pesticides above the safety level. This act can also help to strength the level of food inspection that is being carried out by the food safety authority. The Pest Control Products Act was implemented to check the level of individual chemicals that are used in every commercial pesticide. The Act is also indented to monitor the biological diversity of the surrounding environment of an agricultural field that will help to access the effect of chemical pesticides upon the local biological habitat ("Pest Control Products Act," 2016). In the year of 2008, the Ontario legislation passed the Act for banning the Cosmetic pesticides. Under the provision of this Act, the sales of all types of garden and lawn pesticides are completely illegal and the government has the right to impose penalty for the any violation. The implementation of this act also banned the use of the 82 harmful chemicals that were previously used as active ingredients of chemical pesticides. Moreover, the Act also restricted the sale of 295 chemical pesticides that includes Weedout herbicides, killer herbicides and many more ("Highlights of Ontario's Cosmetic Pesticide Ban", 2016). The health department also restricted the use of the neonicotinoid pesticide that has the potential to harm the use insects like butterfly and honey bees. The pesticides also have the potential to contaminate the local water bodies and disrupt the aquatic ecosystem. The state of Montreal and Vancouver has actively supported the ban and Ontaario and Quebec have recommended modifying the use of neonicotinoid pesticide rather than imposing complete ban ("Ban on controversial pesticide proposed by Health Canada", 2016). All the acts implemented and the steps that are taken by the government of Canada are applicable for commercial agricultural pesticides. The residential pesticides, that are used in the local houses for gardening are not included in the above mentioned steps taken by the Canadian government. Recommendations for an alternative As there is rise of concern among the people of Canada about the excessive use of chemical pesticides and the adverse effect associated, it is important for the government and local environmentalist to implement the use of alternative techniques. Tuck et al., (2014), have suggested the use of sustainable agriculture, where the farmers are encouraged the use of organic farming with the help of biological pest control agents like pheromones and genetically modified crops. The genetically modified crops have the capability to resist the action of pests and other harmful organisms. Van Praagh and Modin (2016) believe that use of natural biological control agents like bacteria and fungi and also help in restricting the growth of pests and also do not cause any harm to the crops. The main issue that is associated with the use of the organic agents as pesticides is that they have lower capability compared to that of chemical agents. Nevertheless, with the advancement of organic agricultural science, it is possible for the farmers to reduce the dependency on chemical fertilizers. Hence, instead of complete ban on the use of pesticides, the government of Canada needs to implement the sustained use of the chemical pesticide and also encourage the farmers to use alternative organic pesticides. Reference Ban on controversial pesticide proposed by Health Canada. (2016). CBC News. Retrieved 2 December 2016, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/health-canada-imidacloprid-neonicotinoid-1.3864450 Bassil, K. L., Vakil, C., Sanborn, M., Cole, D. C., Kaur, J. 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