Chart and Reflection Essay

1980 Election This was a political event because it caused a change in the government. Americans wanted a firm, patriotic leader who had a plan to fix the economic problems carrying over from the 1970s. Jimmy Carter was running for reelection, and Americans overall were very unhappy with his leadership. Ronald Reagan emerged as his challenger, a former actor with great public skills and a plan. They elected Ronald Reagan in 1980 who had a controversial plan for fixing the U.S. economy, later dubbed â€Å"Reaganomics.† 1980  Reagan Doctrine Treaty of 1987 the president’s foreign policy in the 1980s of supporting anti-Communist revolutions. reduced existing weapons. the Reagan Doctrine would not shy away from directly confronting Soviet-supported regimes or groups. prevent nuclear proliferation in our own territory and around the globe.   U.S. support favored groups that, while not Communist, were not democratic either. The most controversial of these efforts was in Nicaragua. Mikhail Gorbachev took control of the Soviet Union. He believed that the future of the Soviet Union depended on important reforms and began to implement two programs. the policy led to U.S. involvement in conflicts around the world. Part 2: Answer the following questions in a complete paragraph of your own words. Do you think President Ronald Reagan’s policies had a positive or negative effect on the country overall? Explain your response. Reagan’s foreign policy actions were very positive because they lead to the end of the Cold War and the threat of communism that had been plaguing America for decades. What do you think was the most significant event of the 1980s and why? -Ronald Reagan elected president -Britain’s elite SAS frees Iranian embassy in London after being taken over by terrorists -52 Americans held hostage are returned home after 444 days in captivity -Ronald Reagan survives an assassination attempt by John Hinckley -Riots in Brixton and inner cities in Britain -Britain’s Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer’s wedding -Discovery of AIDS virus These events are significant because they have had an impact on our country today.

Cognitive, Cognitive Behavioral, and Reality Theory Essay

There are many definitions of counseling, but most share the same idea: it is when one person helps another. To me counseling represents one word more than any other: Change. One person is unhappy with some area of their life and wants it to change while the other person helps to facilitate that change. Just as there are many definitions of counseling there are many types of counseling with different philosophies. The foundation of cognitive therapy is that thoughts have the ability to influence individual’s feelings. One’s emotional reaction to a situation can be derived from their explanation of the situation. For instance, one experience the feelings of one heart racing and shortness of breath. If these physical symptoms occurred while one were lying peacefully in ones bed while watching television, the symptoms would more than be recognized to a medical condition, such as a heart attack, leading to fear and anxious emotions. In contrast, if these same physical symptoms occurred while running through the park on a beautiful afternoon, they would not be attributed to a medial ailment, and would likely no lead to fear or anxiety. Different interpretations of the same sensations can lead to entirely different emotions. Congitive therapy suggests that a great deal of our emotions are due out thought process; the way that we perceive or interpret our environment. These thoughts sometimes have a way of being bias or even distorted. Within the scope of cognitive therapy individuals learn to distinguish between their thoughts and feelings. They are also made aware of the way in which their thoughts have and can influence feelings that are not necessarily to their benefit. Therapists also evaluate critically whether clients  Ã¢â‚¬Å"automatic† thoughts and assumptions are accurate or biased. They also work to develop skills to notice, interrupt and correct these biased thoughts independently. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) covers numerous therapeutic approaches and is widely used to treat various psychological issues. In general, CBT is short-term and focuses on assisting clients with very specific issues. The treatment process enables clients to identify and change negative or alarming thought patterns that are contributing to or causing destructive behavior. CBT has been studied extensively because the treatment is focused on an extremely specific goal and the outcome can be measured easily (Good). Cognitive behavior therapy can be helpful in treating many mental disorders, but also can be used as a tool to help anyone who is dealing with the stress of everyday life. It is known that the root to most anger problems is stress and not understanding how to cope with stress. As many of life adolescents go through life the problems they are facing are getting bigger. So it is a need to learn techniques to manage these issues. Cognitive behavior therapy can assist with this by allowing the young person to see these situations in a different perspective. â€Å"Cognitive behavior therapy can allow a person to heighten awareness by keeping track of the triggers and the time in which they felt the most stress and how long it took for the triggers and the time in which they felt the most stress and how long it took for the stress to produce anger† (Hart, S. L., & Hart, T.A. (2010). By knowing this information and by changing the way a person is thinking, there are changes in the em otions and behavior pattern. Once an adolescent has learned these techniques it will allow them to cope in a more positive way, without anger. William Glasser developed Reality Therapy; he believed that nearly all human unhappiness is stems by people trying to manage others. He says, â€Å"The only behavior we can control is our own; by the same token, no one can make us do anything we do not want to. It is only when we give up spending our energy trying to force others to conform to our ideas or to keep them from doing the same to us that we are able to live the way we want to.† (William Glasser) In order to change a patient the therapist needs to change what the client is thinking and doing because these behaviors are controllable. One needs to assume personal responsibility for his or her feelings. The Choice theory of Reality therapy challenges the client to accept his or her part in actually creating his or her feelings. The choice theory emphasizes how people think and act therefore we can see that it shares some of the concepts of the cognitive behavior approach. There is always a learning curve when developing a new theory. There is the uncertainty of its efficacy and acceptance. One would believe as these theories continue to evolve and is practiced with clients this will no longer be an issue. I believe if a counselor knows the importance of the spiritual beliefs of the clients they are able to have a thorough understanding of their views and feeling towards the issues in their lives. I also believe that then they are able to help client’s determine that they are loved, accepted and have a purpose. Reference: Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and interventions; Third Edition by David Capuzzi and Douglas R. Gross Glass, W. (1997), Choice Theory and Student Success, Education Digest, 63, 3, p.16. 6p Good Therapy (ND). Mindfulness Approaches/Contemplative Approaches. Retrieved August 5, 2013 from http://www.goodtherapy.org/mindfulness-based-approaches-contemplative-approaches.html. Hart, S. L., & Hart, T. A. (2010). The Future of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions within Behavioral Medicine. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 24(4), 344-353. Howatt, W. (2011). The Human Services Counseling Toolbox. Theory, Development, and Resources. Pgs. 113, 131, 147-150.

Alcoholsim

The effects of alcohol vary whether the drinker is male or female, adult or adolescent, and the length of time that the drinker has been drinking. The effects can be long-term or short-term. They can range from something as simple as slurred speech all the way to something as severe as death. Alcohol can be responsible for injuries not only to the drinker but also to the people around them. It can cause cardiovascular problems, eye problems, near. e system damage, and even birth defects.It can also affect your brain, liver, and gastrointestinal system. A persons life is significantly at risk when regularly intoxicated (Livingston). Some of the short-term effects of alcohol are slurred speech, drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomach, headaches, difficulty breathing, distorted vision and hearing, impaired judgment, decreased perception and coordination, unconsciousness, loss of red blood cells, and blackouts. With such severe short-term effects, one might wonder, why keep drinking?For those that do continue to drink, these are the long-term effects: increased on- the-job injuries, loss of productivity, increased family problems, alcohol poisoning, high blood pressure, stroke, heart related disease, liver disease, river damage, permanent brain damage, vitamin deficiency, unintentional injuries to ones self or others, and intentional injuries like firearm injuries, s exual assault, and domestic violence. All of which are things to consider before allowing ones drinking to get out of hand. The long-term effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism can be very devastating and even life threatening, negativity affecting virtually every organ system (Medicine Net). Many adolescent drinkers have the it wont happen to me attitude. Teens drink and party and ignore the health risks. Many teens may know the health asks involved with becoming an alcoholic and what long-term drinking can do to a person. What they dont realize is that for those who are continuously drinking, even though they cant tell at the the moment but their drinking can cause major health problems for them as they enter adulthood.What many teens need to consider, but often ignore is that the most serious effects of teens drinking is that it all leads to adult dependence (Effects of Teenage Drinking). Not only does teen drinking lead to adult dependence but when an individual is a long-term drinker they kill many of their brain cells and the rain can be forever changed. Although alcoholism can cause many serious health issues, for women there area added health risks. It can cause premature menopause, it has been linked to an increase of breast cancer and increase calcium loss in menopausal women.As if those health risks arent scary enough, for women alcoholism can increase their chance of heart disease, memory loss, and reproductive issues. Women who drink while pregnant can also pass the alcohol to their fetus, causing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. These children grow up with facial abnormalities, growth retardation and brain damage that inhibits their ability to live normal lives (Effects of Alcoholism on Families). However, men who abuse drinking can experience testicular atrophy, impotence, and reduced reproductive functions.Besides the effects that alcoholism is having on their health, most drinkers dont realize that their drinking problem is affecting those around them as well. Drinking affects relationships with spouses, children, and friends. Children that grow up with a parent who is an alcoholic experience low self-esteem, guilty feelings, despair, loneliness, fear of abandonment, depression, and Geiger than normal levels Of stress and anxiety. These children tend to have a harder time making relationship with friends or teachers and tend to be more withdrawn. They may believe that their parents drinking is their fault and frequently cry, have nightmares, and wet their beds. Once they get older, children may not easily make friends. They may hoard things, develop phobias, or exhibit perfectionist traits (Effects of Alcoholism on Families). It is also said that children of alcoholics are less likely to attend college. As children get older they continue to have low self-esteem and often make poor hoicks. Marriage is another common relationship that is affected by drinking.Divorce rates increase when one or both spouses drink. In relationships where only one spouse drinks, the non-drinking spouse will become the caregiver, which often leads to feelings of resentment of the drinking spouse. Many marriages that involve alcoholics suffer from poor or lack of communication, reduced intimacy, abuse, and lack of finances. Many alcoholics will hide money from their spouse and use it for their addiction. Alcohol abuse can be associated with negativity and hostility which usually dads to some sort of abuse in the relationship. The more frequently men are intoxicated, the more likely they are to be verbally and physically violent toward their spouses. 40 t 60% of battered women report that their husbands were heavy or problem drinkers (Alcoholism and Marriage). Alcohol abuse not only affects the drinkers relationships, but it also can have major effects on their way of life. Many times it is the way alcoholism effects relationships that most greatly causes an affect to their way Of life, but it also can affect the drinkers work fife.With increase in on-the-job injuries and loss in productivity, the drinkers work life tends to diminish. When work isnt getting done or getting done right most employers see it as time to find somebody better fitting for the job. When this happens it can cause financial stress on families, especially when the drinker starts using bill money to supply their addiction. The marital stress that is brought from lack of communication and unpaid bills usually leads to other marital problems. As these problems increase, marriages often end in divorce.Living with an alcoholic is never easy, coping with secrets and lies and being manipulated for that next drink. If the bottle turns out to be their one true love, often, the only option is to leave them and salvage your life. (Living with an Alcoholic). Divorce greatly affects the drinkers way of life; they no longer have their family to come home to. The following excerpt is a testimony from a man named Jeff Gauged and how alcoholism affected his life. He writes, l am an alcoholic. Have been clean and sober for several years now. My drinking was out of control for more than half my life.My wife took on the role of head of household and all the stress of that plus dealing with an alcoholic husband and father. I was in the military for several years but was asked to leave after being caught drunk on duty. Afterwards, I had several jobs that only lasted for a short period of time; usually would quit before they asked me to leave. Everyday my wife. Michele, would leave for work knowing would probably be drunk when she returned. On one occasion, the police were called because I had hit her and would not calm down. Am not proud of this, but it happened and it is a part f my life.I had gotten so bad that I would have seizures from alcohol withdrawal when I would have to stop drinking. When my family went to my brothers wedding in another state, I had to make sure would start the trip off in my own selfish way. When I started to come down off the booze I had guzzled before we left, I had a seizure and we had to stop so I could be admitted to the hospital (Alcoholic Husband). This man was lucky enough to have a spouse that stood by him and helped him find his way to recovery. Alcoholics are two times more likely to be divorced than those who dont rink.

Individual Employment Law under Family And Friendly Right Coursework

Individual Employment Law under Family And Friendly Right - Coursework Example The same law applies to the case of Bruce who believes he has all the rights to take an emergency leave and still not face a disciplinary action. Bruce has the right to take care of his family. Being an employee of the Royal Mail for over fifteen years, his potential is worth being realized by the employer. The respective committee should not take his misfortunes, which rendered him to take an emergency leave as the root to any disciplinary actions against him. First, it should be understood that uncertainties can happen at any given point in life, which would certainly interfere with any person’s schedule of activities and their job as well. In this case, having to take his wife, Mary, to the hospital or even offer care to her, due to her serious illness, should not be mistaken for any other cause of the absence. Further, before leaving, he went ahead to leave a short notice about his intention to take the leave (Farnham 2000). The law provides for any employee, the right to get some time off or a leave, in the case of illnesses or the need to carry out other responsibilities, which may be proven crucial on the basis of such provisions. However, despite the given notice to his organization regarding his short leave, the best he could do was to consider the greater priority between the job, and taking care of the family emergency (Dale 2000). He could possibly have adjusted to the situation, since her mother, who would have accompanied his wife to the hospital, got ill. Since this happened, there was no option left for him but to take on the situation forgoing the time and the responsibilities he would have spent at work. However, the best thing for Bruce to do was to make adjustments regarding the laid down plans known to the employers. This he did by calling the line manager the soonest possible. However, the act on medical leave, gives an allowance for all eligible workers, to take a leave of up to twelve weeks every year, without any fears of discipl inary actions such as losing their jobs. This leave provision applies to those organizations with fifty employees or more, working within the same location of the employee seeking the leave. This may have been ignored, when the decision to punish Bruce for his change of plans by extending his leave, was taken. The leave also applies to those workers, who have spend more than twelve months with an employee, or at least twelve months; registered working hours of at least 1,250 hours a year, before the time of taking the leave according to Lewis (2008). Based on the Act provisions discussed through this source, Bruce is qualified for this leave, since he had been working with Royal Mail for over 15 years. The same act has its scope with which to protect. There are certain circumstances that are covered by the Family and Medical Leave Act. Beyond such circumstances, his employee could impose a penalty on the person taking his time off from work accordingly. Such circumstances include th e birth of a child or its adoption, the care of a child belonging to the employee, care for his or her spouse or parent. These have to be in a serious medical condition for the employee to deserve the leave. It could also be done if the employee has some serious medical c

Nursing and Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing and Leadership - Assignment Example Despite that, there are a few challenges which are faced in the department. The interviewed Director of Nursing (DON) stated that the lack of LTC taught courses/classes to new graduate students is one of the challenges that they do face and that has to be resolved with immediate effect. This is due to the fact that the ratio of individuals at the centre who need LTC is higher than the staffs that are available to offer it. As a result, some inconveniences and hitches do occur while propagating for effective LTC. In a bid to counter the LTC problem, the leadership that is prevalent in the nursing department matters a lot. If the leadership is based on morale and productivity, then that will yield success in offering LTC to patients else more challenges are prone to be faced on a daily basis. With that, there are a number of leadership styles that can be practiced in the nursing department. However, these depend entirely on variables such as people and the environment. Some of the lead ership styles include: Democratic: This is one of the best leadership styles that a nursing department can incorporate. It advocates for the inclusion of the nurses in the decision making process. This makes them feel motivated as well as part and parcel of the health care facility committee. However, the senior nurse makes the final decisions; Authoritative: This style of leadership is stricter as compared to the democratic leadership style. The senior nurse makes all the decisions without the inclusion of the other nurses. Additionally, the senior nurse gives orders to be done and there is very close supervision of the nurses in the department. This is not the best approach to implement in a nursing environment. The nurses may feel de-motivated, neglected and they may lack innovation in their line of work; Affiliative: This leadership style is focussed on people (nurses). It ensures that the nurses have a satisfactory working environment so that they can deliver superior care serv ices to patients. This style is best to boost morale in the nurses. However, the senior nurse may lack their authoritative figure. Based on the response of the DON, the most effective and efficient leadership styles that ought to be incorporated are the democratic and affiliative leadership styles. In a bid to support this, Goleman (2000) suggested that leaders should incorporate a variety of leadership styles and focus on those that are fruitful. Some of the leadership skills that go hand in hand with good leadership styles include: Interpersonal skills - Which incorporate the aspects of managing the different and unique cultural diversities in the department. It is important for a leader to have the right knowledge while dealing with different cultures since a health care centre is a home to all types of people regardless of their ethnicity background; Democratic skills; Listening skills, Problem solving skills – Which help to solve problems without encountering big risks, Time management skills and Motivational skills. If a leader has a number of the mentioned skills,

Xerox Corporation and Organizational Development Essay

Xerox Corporation and Organizational Development - Essay Example Strategies vary depending on what business, products or services, industry, location, machinery, labor and fund at the disposal of the business. In any organization, change is inevitable and the organization that thrives will always be the organization that anticipates change, is flexible and willing to adapt itself to change. Let us follow the organizational changes of Xerox Corporation that brought the company up from its fall and turned it around. Xerox Corporation is the world's largest document-management company. Headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, the company is a pioneer of photocopying that its name has become so synonymous with the product that the term "Xerox machine" is often used to refer to xerographic duplicators produced by other companies. In addition, the term "Xeroxing" is quickly becoming synonymous with "copying." The company made its presence felt in 1959 with the introduction of the first one-piece, plain paper photocopier using the process of xerography (electro photography), the Xerox 914. The company opened a famous research center, the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center or Xerox PARC. Until the end of 1970, Xerox dominated the market with an amazing monopoly. Its market share was 90% and this led to a confidence about it surviving new competition in the market. By the 1980's Xerox's market share declined from 90 % to 43 % due to the competition from Ricoh, Sharp, Cannon, Kodak and IBM. Facing a downturn in office-equipment outlays, tougher rivals, an accounting scandal and management turnover, Xerox saw sales drop drastically. By the year 2000, Xerox's share price had fallen below $4, from a high of $64 a year earlier. In year 2001, Xerox experienced a net loss of $293 million. That was down 1% from the year before and 20% off its peak of $19.4 billion in 1998. [Xinxin, n.d, para 1.0] The basic reasons of failure for Xerox was not being able to anticipate and leverage the changes in the technology sector, lagging behind in developing products with digital technology and being overconfident in maintaining market share and brand loyalty. It failed to anticipate and strategize to face the emerging competition, was unable to offer customers lower priced products to counter the competition and was plagued by a lack of vision to scale to revolutionary digital age products using its strong presence. The organization was in desperate need for an OD intervention. When Anne Mulcahy, chairman and chief executive of Xerox, assumed responsibility in the year 2000, she had the unenviable task of turning around a company that was on the verge of bankruptcy. She realized that a massive organizational restructuring was in order if results needed to be achieved. Xerox's systems were studies and data was collected. The vision, the New Xerox Movement, was made to transform Xerox into a more cost-conscious, competitive, quality-control-based company contributing the first step encompassing the strategic change. Under her leadership, Xerox moved from losing $273 million in 2000 to earning $91 million in 2003. By last year, the company's profits had reached $859 million on sales of $15.7 billion. At the same time, its stock has risen, returning 75% over the last five years, compared with a loss of 6% for the Dow Jones Total

Environmental scienence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental scienence - Essay Example Mentioning a single striking revelation would be injustice to the many that are made in the film. The way chickens are raised, the way corn is fed to cattle, the way regulatory agencies are influenced by the very industry they are meant to regulate. But for me, the biggest revelation was how today only a few large companies control the entire food line from farm to market. The size of companies like Cargill, Monsanto etc. with their deep pockets and legal protection are able to actually decide what we eat every day. The most â€Å"specious† argument I found was what was presented by Troy Roush, the farmer who talks about how Monsanto has taken control over the seeds market. I don’t agree when he suggests that Monsanto took control through a brute force method and if anyone seems to challenge their hegemony, they strike at the bigger farmer and set him as an example for others. He also goes on to say that the courts and justice system seems to be tilted in favor of these large corporations (see his quote below). In my opinion, Monsanto could take over simply because of farmer’s greed to earn more money, followed by competition, followed by fear of being left out. It was only after this cycle of greed, competition and insecurity that farmers found themselves locked into the patented seed problem. Also, the courts would hand out verdicts according to existing laws and the laws are made by the Congress. If the farmers don’t win enough in courts, it is because of the existing laws and government deregulation and not just because somebody could lie or put up more money. I think that the frustration is directed to the wrong target in Roush’s case. He, like Barbara Kowalcyk, could take the battle to the right place: the law makers. Of course, it is easier said than done but I do feel that concerted consumer action and pressure on the lawmakers is perhaps the only way forward. Roush’s comments:

Views on Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Views on Marriage - Essay Example Both of these pieces present marriage in a similar fashion. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† the main character is, at first, experiencing sorrow over the death of her husband. After a brief time; however, the character starts to feel joyful about the situation. At one point Mrs. Mallard reveals why it is she is experiencing this joy: â€Å"She said it over and over under her breath: "free, free, free!"†(Chopin). She realizes at this moment that the death of her husband has released her from the bonds of marriage. â€Å"There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Chopin). Due to the fact that she was experiencing so much happiness at the thought of being free and getting to do what she wanted to do with the remainder of her life, it is a terrible shock when she soon finds her very much alive husband downstairs. Earlier in the story, it is made known that Mrs. Mallard is in poor health and when she sees her husband, she dies. The doctors claim that she died of joy, but the audience is left to consider the fact that she more likely died of disappointment or heartbreak at the sudden loss of her newfound freedom. In this particular story, marriage is portrayed as oppressive and all consuming. Similarly, in the play â€Å"Trifles,† Mrs.

Date Rape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Date Rape - Essay Example Sometimes called 'contact rape' or 'sleep rape', the act is performed with the help of drugs like ketamine, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and benzodiazepines such as Flunitrazepam ('roofies')1. Keith Burgess-Jackson in a recent book on rape called A Most Detestable Crime: New philosophical Essays on Rape (OUP, 1999) states that rape is such a confounding idea that it is tough to restrain it within a definition. There are too many kinds of it and hence the comprehensiveness of one definition can be measured only by the exclusions it suggests. should it be conceived as forced sex, violent sex, coerced sex, compelled sex, nonconsensual sex, pressured sex, exploited sex, involuntary sex, expropriated sex, objectified sex, unwanted sex, nonmutual sex, or bad sex. Here the philosopher must do more than provide a definition. He or she must formulate a theory a theory of the concept. It may be that no single theory accommodates all of the data, in which case the most we can hope for is a theory that illuminates more than any other2.(4) The idea of date rape adds one more bizarre dimension to this array of human bestiality. In fact, the process of classifying rapes has itself come under scrutiny. Feminists have argued that there has always been a salacious element in the naming and description of this private female trauma. Both men and women were callous enough to excuse such 'aberrations' within the sphere of life. But, of late, things have changed. In an interesting book called Representing Rape: Language and Sexual Consent (Routledge, 2001), Susan Ehrlich argues that continued resistance to male linguistic appropriation have resulted in a new glossary of the female psyche. She says that "when one group holds a monopoly on naming, its bias is embedded in the names it supplies and the names it does not supply. Thus, innovative terms such as sexism, sexual harassment and date rape are said to be significant in that they give a name to the experiences of women. a few years ago they were just called life." (12) Rape is much more prevalent than believed. Social, cultural and even educational factors prevent women from reporting acquaintance rape. Quite often, the victimizer is shrewd enough to convince the victimized that the act was not rape, that it happened because of circumstances, that it was an uncontrollable expression of emotion and so on. Since a majority of the women involved in such cases are credulous or nave, such verbal excuses assume significance too. The result is that date rapes are not as systematically reported as are 'rapes.' This mystifies it; more so because it is common knowledge that any act of forceful sex is not subsumed under the definition of rape. The prevalence rate of acquaintance rapes are often found to be erratic simply because the victims are either ignorant of the crime perpetrated on them or they do not want to add on to the unedifying aftermath (including legal formalities) of an acquaintance rape. In an inspired study called Violence in Dating Relationships: Emerging Social Issues, editors Maureen A Pirog-Good and Jan E.Stets contend that when the victimizer is an acquaintance, women are often reluctant to identify the person let alone label the event as rape3. This is the reason why we do not have authentic statistical data on this social

Makes progress Essay Example for Free

Makes progress Essay Please be informed that I am hiring Steve Ripiey as sales representative. He is the most qualified candidate and his credentials are impressive. I would dare say they are just a little less than perfecta recent MBA from UCLA, a successful summer internship at AgFunds (graduated as top trainee), and a stint overseas as an economic analyst for the U. S. Government. More than what we see on paper, he is motivated, hungry, talented and ambitious. I talked to the guy and he is personable, quick-witted, bright, and an excellent conversationalist. He has the makings of a successful sales representative. He can win people and I believe he can turn this district upside down. This may be a melodramatic argument but this is what this company needs right now. This district has been in a slow state for the past 15 years and it needs shaking up. We have been losing customers for the past 15 years and we lost a lot of them. It was not because we had a black guy in-charge. It was poor management that brought us here. Now, we all know that we need a jump-start to make this company thrive again. And Steve is the powerhouse we need make it happen. We operate in a color-conscious district, I know, but we can use this to our advantage. We have a window of opportunity here to make something else happen. I am talking about a revolution. Our company is revitalizing and we should give it new blood. We will be having new clients. We will also be having new representatives. It is not a far-fetched idea that our new clients will learn to accept our new representatives irrespective of race or creed. We have not much to lose here. Our company is not in its prime right now. We are just starting anew. However, we have a lot to gain if we change our â€Å"unwritten policies† on hiring. There is a message we can make here with this decision to hire Steve. We are saying that we look at professionalism at everything we do and our clients can trust that we will also be professional in dealing with them. We hire because of competence and we hire only the best people irrespective of skin color. And that is a noble stand any company could make. On another note, we could at least give Steve a fighting chance. We owe it to him since he graduated as our top trainee. We should at least try to see how he performs out there in the field. I am confident that he can win the customers with his personality. He has the faculties to do so and I believe they will learn to accept him. I am confident that Steve has the capability to exceed our expectations. Rest assured that I have full confidence in him. There is no need to fear if we can not promote him if he fails his first assignment or if we lose profits because our customers will not buy from him. We will make his promotion dependent on his performance. If he performs well, he is promoted and we gain profits. If he does not, he does not get promoted. All we lose is the opportunity of sales. I am asking you not just to see the long run. See also the big picture. Racial inhospitality is limited only to certain regions. And unfortunately, we are in one of them. However, our company will grow much bigger in not so long now and Steve is too much of a talent to waste. See that it is possible that we will be operating in the multinational or international level in the near future. If we will not hire him in this district just because of limits set only by this district, we are being myopic and we will lose more. Steves career path is his own choice. He is smart. He is already aware of what he is going into if he takes this job. He knows the challenges he has to hurdle if he takes this job. But it is of great incentive to us if he still takes this job despite the circumstances. It means he is willing to take risks. We need someone like that right now. The same should go for uswe should also be willing to take risks. Think about the turtle: it only makes progress when it sticks its head out.

The House of the Baskervilles Gothic Elements

The House of the Baskervilles Gothic Elements The setting in a novel is important because it helps to create a sense of atmosphere. The atmosphere in The Hound of the Baskervilles conforms to the conventions of a detective story which has to have a mysterious and scary feel in order to build up tension or suspense which intrigues and excites the reader. Creating an effective atmosphere within the three main settings in the novel, which include Baker Street, London, Baskerville Hall and the Moor, is necessary to make the story convincing, particularly as Conan Doyle introduces the supernatural element of the curse and the hound. In terms of timing, the novel is initially set in busy Victorian London, with its cars and crowds; however, this is juxtaposed with the moor, which as Watson observes seems wild, melancholy and far from modern life with horses and carts. Indeed he comments on, The melancholy of the moor and the death of an unfortunate pony; the genres within this particular novel are detective and gothic genres, which int eract to create an effective, haunting atmosphere, especially towards the climax of the novel. Time and place are therefore both relevant in the creation of setting and atmosphere. The setting of The Hound of the Baskervilles takes place in the nineteenth century when public hangings were often carried out, especially as Victorian people feared crime; this is one reason why Sherlock Holmes stories became so popular. As a logical, intelligent and intuitive character, Sherlock Holmes would have had great appeal to the audience because he solved many challenging and very cunning crimes. The character Holmes operates fully within the conventions of a detective setting, with the presence of a victim, a crime, a problem, suspect, plot and an alibi. However, at the same time the gothic element of the story is powerful. The Hound of the Baskervilles follows most of the conventions of the gothic genre which include mystery, depression, the supernatural, ancient prophesies, criminals, a damsel in distress and death. The gothic background, with which the Victorian audience would have familiar, is very important in creating a sense of a gloomy, daunting atmosphere. The hound as a supernatural element is used as a device to terrify the reader repeatedly throughout the novel, except of course at the end when the mystery is found to have a logical basis. For this reason I would suggest that the novel is more of a detective story because at the end the Baskerville myth can be easily explained in a scientific way. For example, the vicious hound can be explained by its diet of phosphorus as the detectives comment: Phosphorous, I said, There is no smell which might have interfered with his power of scent. The initial setting takes place in London where Sherlock Holmes and Watsons home is upper class and their lifestyle is sophisticated and glamorous; in the company of Sir Henry and Dr Mortimer, they enjoy a pleasant luncheon after which they retire to a private sitting room in a high quality hotel. This shows the reader that the two men are educated and they have a privileged lifestyle. As they mention the millions of this great city, this sets the scene for the reader that London is a very dense and highly populated area but also rather grand and a centre of civilisation. However, despite this sense of power and control in London, there is also a sense of chaos and an unsettling, unwelcome contrast when there is suddenly a threat, for example the second time Sir Henrys boot is stolen. This sense of threat increases when mysteriously they find one of the missing boots when the hotel room had been carefully inspected beforehand; Sir Henry exclaims; My missing boot! There was certainly no boots in it then. There is the impression that they are being followed, of which Holmes warn Sir Henry Baskerville, the setting in London is effective because it is the place where Holmes and Watson are most comfortable and where they are accustomed to conducting their business affairs; for example: Holmes sat in silence as we drove back to Baker Street, and I knew from his dawn brows and keen face that his mind, like my own, was busy endeavouring to frame some scheme into which all these strange and apparently disconnected episodes could be fitted. The setting in Baker Street is important to create a sense of normality in spite of the mysterious happenings. However, once in the wilderness of the moors, Watson finds that it is more difficult to rationalise and the setting intensifies ones missings. Here we can see that while solving crimes, Sherlock Holmes stays up all night to solve a mystery. We also learn that the relationship between Holmes and Watson is close because they know each others habits. In addition, we also learn that Sherlock Holmes is more independent than Watson. Likewise, in the novel we can interpret that the character, Sherlock Holmes, is intelligent and witty person because he successfully makes predictions: I think, said I, following so far as I could the methods of my companion, that Dr. Mortimer is a successful elderly medical man. This shows the reader that Sherlock Holmes, as an intelligent person and a successful detective in his careerism, is a person whom Watson endeavours to model himself on. We see a comparison between Sherlock Holmes and Watson intelligence because Watson himself makes a good assumption about the thick iron ferulle they indentify: Really, Watson, you excel yourself, said Holmes pushing back his chair and lighting a cigarette. I am bound to say that in all accounts in which you have been so good as to give my own small achievements you have habitually underrated your own abilities. It must be that you are a conductor of light. Some people without possessing genius have a remarkable power of stimulating it. This shows the reader that Holmes is praising Watson because he has made a good hypothesis but later it proves incorrect. This feeling is encapsulated by Holmes quotation, I shall be very glad to have you back safe and sound in Baker Street once more. Thus the Baker Street setting provides the character and the reader a sense of safety which is lost in the moors. On the contrary, Watson then understands that Sherlock Holmess assumption is correct and that his assumption was erroneous: I am afraid, my dear Watson, that most of your conclusions was erroneous. When I said that you stimulated me I meant, to be frank, that in noting your fallacies I was occasionally guided towards the truth. This implies that Watsonss conclusions were wrong and if he had listened to his companion, then he would be guided to the truth. Indeed the moor is described as having a: Grey melancholy hill, with a strange jagged summit, dim and vague in the distance, like some fantastic landscape in a dream. This quotation demonstrates that the setting is very dismal and the use of words melancholy emphasizes the mood of menace, providing a suitable backdrop for a murder novel. The time of year increases the sense of hope passing as: Yellow leaves carpeted the lanes and fluttered. In this description the fluttered leaves pave the way for unpleasantness in Baskerville Hall and could foreshadow the end of the year, and perhaps metaphorically speaking, the end of Sir Henry Baskervilles life given the curse on his family. Watson refers to the grim suggestiveness of the barren waste, the chilling wind and the darkling sky. This sets the scene for something dangerous about to happen and the use of pathetic fallacy prepares the reader for death or a strike of supernatural. Although, the area around the Baskerville Hall is described negatively and the reader will have a grim impression of the area itself: Over the green squares of the fields and the low curve of a wood there rose in the distance a grey, melancholy hill, with a strange jagged summit, dim and vague in the distance, like some fantastic landscape in a dream The use of words, grey and melancholy, creates an effect of the bitter, depressing and sad atmosphere around the Baskerville Hall, leading to a conflict between the human and natural forces. In addition, the use of juxtaposition is effective because, the green squares of the fields sounds pleasant but the view detenorates with the jagged summit, is described as, melancholy, grey and vague. There is therefore a sharp contrast between the settings the moor and London which portrays as being very civilised and pleasant. Conan Doyle portrays Dartmoor as cold and uninviting by contrasting it with the green fields: The beautiful green fields with thick hedges were behind us, and were now on the cold, open moor. This quotation shows the reader that the Dartmoor is a dangerous and mysterious area and the atmosphere in the area is progressively tense and quite dramatic. In addition the moor is described again in a sinister way; this adds to the negative effect: Everything was grey, hard and wild. Huge rough stones stood on the hard ground. The tops of the hill stood sharply like cruel teeth against the sky. This demonstrates that the moor has a very tense atmosphere and the use of similes, the hilltops appearing sharply like cruel teeth, empathises the vicious and evil side of the moor; it also suggests that perhaps, Sir Henry may die due to the hounds vicious teeth. Similarly, the author describes the noises associated with the moor in great detail to create a sense of tension: A long, low moan, indescribably sad, swept over the moor. It filled the whole air, and yet it was impossible to say whence it came. From a dull murmur it swelled into a deep roar, and then sank back into a melancholy, throbbing murmur once again. This shows the reader that the atmosphere around Baskerville Hall is grim and tense; the effect of this is to provide a build up in which murder will take place and make the reader feel scared and intrigued. Sir Henry, the heir to Baskerville Hall, tries to be positive about his inherited property and lights it up: Ill have a row of electric lamps up here inside of six months, and you wont know it again, with a thousand candlepower Swan and Edison right here in front of the hall door, Nonetheless, the sinister setting tends to prevail. However, for once, the hall is portrayed positively rather than being sad and dark. Baskerville Hall is usually described in an oppressive light: A dull light shone through the heavy windows. Black smoke was coming from one of the high chimneys of the main buildings. Arthur Conan Doyle uses the words heavy and black to give the reader an impression that the hall is a place where light or goodness is trapped. When the heir to the Baskerville arrives in Baskerville Hall, he is described as being very eager: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Baskerville gave an exclamation of delight, looking eagerly about him and asking countless questions. This use of words delight and eagerly shows the reader that the Sir Henry Baskerville is very enthusiastic to enter Baskerville Hall but it proves to be miserable dwelling. The description of the hall itself is described as mute and sinister since Conan Doyle displays a vicious use of imagery: a dull light shone through heavy mullioned windows The use of the word, mullioned evokes that the light is being imposed by the dullness of the windows. The author Conan Doyle uses a red herring to enhance the gothic tension, an example of this is the butler Barrymore who is described as having a, square black beard and pale distinguished, this refers to the mysterious follower which follows Sir Henry Baskerville. This alerts the reader and the effect of this is that the two detectives Holmes and Watson might in a danger and also the amount of safetyness in the moor is limited and requires courage and braveness to fight against them. When the hound strikes at the Baskerville Hall for the first time, the description of the hound is striking: The huge, black, burning hound ran quickly and silently after Sir Henry. The representation of the hound is very effective in the quotation as the moor itself is surrounded by wilderness; there is conflict between nature and humans, even the trees that are planted by humans are stunted. The idea demonstrates to the reader that nature and humans never work together. The dwellings of the moor are similarly described pessimistic and negative by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle as it says: A bleak Morse land house. The use of the words, bleak emphasizes the desolate and isolation within the moor however, it shows that the moor has few habitants. In conclusion, I believe that the main intention of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle when he wrote the story was to involve the readers of the modern world in a potentially supernatural mystery. It appears to me that he was quite successful in creating a believable story; I almost believed that the hounds were supernatural. I think the idea of serialization in the Victorian times would have been a good idea because it would have helped to add tension. I think the author was successful in creating his story because his character, Sherlock Holmes, was a famous and popular character and still popular in modern times. Even though Sherlock was a fictional character, many Victorians and readers today would find a famous, intuitive character like Sherlock Holmes engrossing.

Liberation from Sin through Pearl in The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarl

Liberation from Sin through Pearl in The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      'This child ... hath come from the hand of God, to work in many ways upon her heart ... It was meant for a blessing, for the one blessing of her life! It was meant, doubtless ... for a retribution too; a torture to be felt at many an unthought-of moment; a pang, as sting, an ever-recurring agony, in the midst of a troubled joy!" (Hawthorne 105) This, as Arthur Dimmesdale almost prophetically expresses in the early scenes of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, was the role of Pearl, the elfish child borne of his and Hester Prynne's guilty passion. Like Paul's thorn in the flesh, Pearl would bring trouble, heartache, and frustration to Hester, but serve a constructive purpose lying far beyond the daily provocations of her childish impishness. While in many respects a tormentor to Hester, Pearl was also her savior, while a reminder of her guilt, a promoter of honesty and true Virtue; and while an embodiment of Hester's worst qualities, a vision of a better life for Hester and for herself. From the very beginning of The Scarlet Letter, while Hester is shamed by having a baby as tangible evidence of her sin and shame, the responsibility of caring for Pearl and raising her with love and wisdom serves to calm the defiant, destructive passion of Hester's nature and to save her from its wild, desperate promptings. This sentiment is poignantly portrayed in Hester's visit to the Governor's mansion. While there, she pleads with the Governor, magistrates, and ministers that she be allowed to keep Pearl, exclaiming, 'She is my happiness!--She is my torture, none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too! See ye not, she is the scarlet letter, only... ...er to overcome the passion, once so wild that had brought her to ruin and shame." (Hawthorne, 165) It was Hester's motherly sentiments to nurture and love her child that saved her from temptation and from death and opened her heart to the poor and needy around her. It was the torturous fixation of her child upon her shame that tempered and refined her character and led her toward the precious virtue of being true to herself and others. And it was the reflection of her own character, even at Its worst, in her child that brought Hester to a greater understanding of herself and a desire to build a better life for Pearl. Pearl was more than merely her mother's tormentor--she was her blessing, her life, and the giver of the freedom to live a life true to herself and to her God. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Bantam Books, 1989. Liberation from Sin through Pearl in The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarl Liberation from Sin through Pearl in The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      'This child ... hath come from the hand of God, to work in many ways upon her heart ... It was meant for a blessing, for the one blessing of her life! It was meant, doubtless ... for a retribution too; a torture to be felt at many an unthought-of moment; a pang, as sting, an ever-recurring agony, in the midst of a troubled joy!" (Hawthorne 105) This, as Arthur Dimmesdale almost prophetically expresses in the early scenes of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, was the role of Pearl, the elfish child borne of his and Hester Prynne's guilty passion. Like Paul's thorn in the flesh, Pearl would bring trouble, heartache, and frustration to Hester, but serve a constructive purpose lying far beyond the daily provocations of her childish impishness. While in many respects a tormentor to Hester, Pearl was also her savior, while a reminder of her guilt, a promoter of honesty and true Virtue; and while an embodiment of Hester's worst qualities, a vision of a better life for Hester and for herself. From the very beginning of The Scarlet Letter, while Hester is shamed by having a baby as tangible evidence of her sin and shame, the responsibility of caring for Pearl and raising her with love and wisdom serves to calm the defiant, destructive passion of Hester's nature and to save her from its wild, desperate promptings. This sentiment is poignantly portrayed in Hester's visit to the Governor's mansion. While there, she pleads with the Governor, magistrates, and ministers that she be allowed to keep Pearl, exclaiming, 'She is my happiness!--She is my torture, none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too! See ye not, she is the scarlet letter, only... ...er to overcome the passion, once so wild that had brought her to ruin and shame." (Hawthorne, 165) It was Hester's motherly sentiments to nurture and love her child that saved her from temptation and from death and opened her heart to the poor and needy around her. It was the torturous fixation of her child upon her shame that tempered and refined her character and led her toward the precious virtue of being true to herself and others. And it was the reflection of her own character, even at Its worst, in her child that brought Hester to a greater understanding of herself and a desire to build a better life for Pearl. Pearl was more than merely her mother's tormentor--she was her blessing, her life, and the giver of the freedom to live a life true to herself and to her God. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.

Polonius in Shakespeares Hamlet and John Updikes Gertrude and Claudiu

Polonius in Shakespeare's Hamlet and John Updike's Gertrude and Claudius In every royal court throughout history, there has been the man who knows everything about everyone, and generally has the ear of the king; Shakespeare’s court of Denmark is no exception. Polonius, adviser and Lord Chamberlain to King Hamlet and Claudius, seems to know every intrigue, every alliance made in the interwoven royal court. In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Polonius is firmly seated at the King’s right hand and he will go to any lengths to facilitate the union of young Hamlet and Ophelia. Similarly, in John Updike’s prequel Gertrude and Claudius, Polonius acts as the liaison between Claudius and Gertrude, even going so far as to permit adultery to take place and knowingly to allow the royal bed of Denmark to be besmirched by incest. Throughout both the novel by Updike and the play by Shakespeare, Polonius’ interests are obviously his own, but at certain times in Gertrude and Claudius, he does indeed serve others. Polonius represents a parado x of ideals: on the surface, the loyal, if somewhat senile, counselor to the King; below this servile exterior, however, lurks the mind of a schemer unable to achieve the throne itself and, therefore, determined to undermine and to manipulate it in order to retain his own power. Although sometimes his machinations do not go as undetected as he may have planned Polonius achieves these goals of power through his interactions with several of the characters in Hamlet and Gertrude and Claudius. Shakespeare does not expound greatly on the personalities of his characters; rather he lets them do it for themselves. Through Polonius’s actions and words towards Gertrude in the play, it seems that he is much mor... ...th King Claudius do eventually bring about his downfall, and he has only himself to blame for this. In his insistence that he be involved with everyone’s affairs and due to his faith that â€Å"human affairs could all be managed, manipulated with cogs and ratchets like millwheels and clocks, by a clever enough puppeteer,† Polonius is caught in his own trap (189). For a while he is able enough to run the puppet show; but as the intrigues in Claudius’ court increase, he continues to get farther out of his depth, out of his realm of experience. He never considers having to deal with Hamlet’s madness, his obsession to either sanctify or to condemn his mother. He never concerns himself with the possibility of an accident or changing loyalties. When the puppeteer becomes the puppet unbeknownst to himself a swift reckoning is exacted, caused only by Polonius’ own manipulations.

the social impact of birth control in germany :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Positive impacts of access to sexuality education, public information, and medical services are available to young people in Germany. In Germany, adolescent sexuality is regarded as a health issue, not a political or religious one. An overwhelmingly majority of the people and institutions in this country support sexual health. Teens are educated about safer sex and have access to both birth control pills and condoms if they have sexual intercourse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  German adolescents are valued, respected, and expected to act responsibly. The adults trust adolescents to make responsible choices because they see young people as assets, and not problems. Teen abortion rates are much lower in Germany than in the United States. For Germany, the abortion rate is 8.7 for women ages 15 to 49 (Kelly, MeGee 1998/1999). The reality of this is that teens in Germany have intercourse without as many negative consequences as teens in the United States. These teens get flooded with positive messages aimed at helping them to avoid unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. The messages sent to German teens are not designed to ask them to refrain from sex until marriage, but educates them on the safety precautions involved with the act itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movement to provide access to contraception, condoms, and comprehensive sexuality education is based on the desire to further reduce abortions and sexually transmitted diseases. In Germany, there is a national sexuality education policy, but individual states determine which curricula to use. They also have massive public education campaigns targeting safer sex behaviors and condom use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Media are engaged in helping young people make healthy sexual choices and not simply titillating audiences with sexual content for the sake of advertisers’ money. These countries also appear to have little concern that sexually explicit media messages will encourage young people to have intercourse. The mass media sexuality education campaigns are supported and encouraged by a broad array of people with an equally broad array of beliefs and values, ranging from AIDS educators and parents to religious leaders and policy makers. We in the United States can learn from this non-adversarial relationship between religious communities and advocates for sexuality education, and as a result, should encourage all groups to make strides toward a place where young people and families are supported to be sexually healthy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion and politics have little influence on policies related to adolescent sexuality in the European countries (Kelly & MeGee 1998/1999).

Water Pollution in Our Day Today Life

Water pollution in our day to day life What is water pollution? Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives (in) it. When humans drink polluted water it often has serious effects on their health. Water pollution can also make water unsuited for the desired use. What are the major water pollutants? There are several classes of water pollutants. The first are disease-causing agents. These are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter sewage systems and untreated waste.A second category of water pollutants is oxygen-demanding wastes; wastes that can be decomposed by oxygen-requiring bacteria. When large populations of decomposing bacteria are converting these wastes it can deplete oxygen levels in the water. This causes other organisms in the water, such as fish, to die. A third class of water pollutants is water-soluble inorganic pollutants, such as aci ds, salts and toxic metals. Large quantities of these compounds will make water unfit to drink and will cause the death of aquatic life.Another class of water pollutants are nutrients; they are water-soluble nitrates and phosphates that cause excessive growth of algae and other water plants, which deplete the water's oxygen supply. This kills fish and, when found in drinking water, can kill young children. Water can also be polluted by a number of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and pesticides, which are harmful to humans and all plants and animals in the water. A very dangerous category is suspended sediment, because it causes depletion in the water's light absorption and the particles spread dangerous compounds such as pesticides through the water.Finally, water-soluble radioactive compounds can cause cancer, birth defects and genetic damage and are thus very dangerous water pollutants. More information on health effects of microrganisms Where does water pollution come fro m? Water pollution is usually caused by human activities. Different human sources add to the pollution of water. There are two sorts of sources, point and nonpoint sources. Point sources discharge pollutants at specific locations through pipelines or sewers into the surface water. Nonpoint sources are sources that cannot be traced to a single site of discharge.Examples of point sources are: factories, sewage treatment plants, underground mines, oil wells, oil tankers and agriculture. Examples of nonpoint sources are: acid deposition from the air, traffic, pollutants that are spread through rivers and pollutants that enter the water through groundwater. Nonpoint pollution is hard to control because the perpetrators cannot be traced. How do we detect water pollution? Water pollution is detected in laboratories, where small samples of water are analysed for different contaminants.Living organisms such as fish can also be used for the detection of water pollution. Changes in their behav iour or growth show us, that the water they live in is polluted. Specific properties of these organisms can give information on the sort of pollution in their environment. Laboratories also use computer models to determine what dangers there can be in certain waters. They import the data they own on the water into the computer, and the computer then determines if the water has any impurities. What is heat pollution, what causes it and what are the dangers?In most manufacturing processes a lot of heat originates that must be released into the environment, because it is waste heat. The cheapest way to do this is to withdraw nearby surface water, pass it through the plant, and return the heated water to the body of surface water. The heat that is released in the water has negative effects on all life in the receiving surface water. This is the kind of pollution that is commonly known as heat pollution or thermal pollution. The warmer water decreases the solubility of oxygen in the wate r and it also causes water organisms to breathe faster.Many water organisms will then die from oxygen shortages, or they become more susceptible to diseases. For more information about this, you can take a look at thermal pollution. What is eutrophication, what causes it and what are the dangers? Eutrophication means natural nutrient enrichment of streams and lakes. The enrichment is often increased by human activities, such as agriculture (manure addition). Over time, lakes then become eutrophic due to an increase in nutrients. Eutrophication is mainly caused by an increase in nitrate and phosphate levels and has a negative influence on water life.This is because, due to the enrichment, water plants such as algae will grow extensively. As a result the water will absorb less light and certain aerobic bacteria will become more active. These bacteria deplete oxygen levels even further, so that only anaerobic bacteria can be active. This makes life in the water impossible for fish and other organisms. What is acid rain and how does it develop? Typical rainwater has a pH of about 5 to 6. This means that it is naturally a neutral, slightly acidic liquid.During precipitation rainwater dissolves gasses such as carbon dioxide and oxygen. The industry now emits great amounts of acidifying gasses, such as sulphuric oxides and carbon monoxide. These gasses also dissolve in rainwater. This causes a change in pH of the precipitation – the pH of rain will fall to a value of or below 4. When a substance has a pH of below 6. 5, it is acid. The lower the pH, the more acid the substance is. That is why rain with a lower pH, due to dissolved industrial emissions, is called acid rain. Why does water sometimes smell like rotten eggs?When water is enriched with nutrients, eventually anaerobic bacteria, which do not need oxygen to practice their functions, will become highly active. These bacteria produce certain gasses during their activities. One of these gases is hydrogen sulphide. This compounds smells like rotten eggs. When water smells like rotten eggs we can conclude that there is hydrogen present, due to a shortage of oxygen in the specific water. What causes white deposit on showers and bathroom walls? Water contains many compounds. A few of these compounds are calcium and carbonate.Carbonate works as a buffer in water and is thus a very important component. When calcium reacts with carbonate a solid substance is formed, that is called lime. This lime is what causes the white deposit on showers and bathroom walls and is commonly known as lime deposit. It can be removed by using a specially suited cleaning agent. More specific information on water pollutants or freshwater pollution is now available or take a look at types of pollution for freshwater For water terminology check out our Water Glossary or go back to water FAQ overview Feel free to contact us if you have any other questionsAbout Lenntech Turnkey plants Pilot plants Containerized pla nts Services Career at Lenntech International Internships Periodic table Calculators Visitors information Our partners Contact us Lenntech BV Rotterdamseweg 402 M 2629 HH Delft The Netherlands tel: +31 15 261 09 00 fax: +31 15 261 62 89 e-mail: [email  protected] com Request a quote ? Home Applications Processes Systems Products Library Languages Copyright  © 1998-2011 Lenntech B. V | Email: [email  protected] com | Tel. +31 15 261 09 00 | Fax. +31-15-2616289 Read more: http://www. lenntech. com/water-pollution-faq. htm#ixzz2Ccrcb1wl

Interpretation and delivery of language Essay

I am writing to congratulate you upon being chosen to play the part of Richard in our forthcoming production of Richard III. This letter is a guide for you for how I would like the part of Richard to be acted. This shall be primarily based upon two key scenes in the play, which are Act 1 Scene I (opening scene) and Act 5 Scene VII (eve of battle scene). This guide covers 3 main aspects of playing the part of Richard. These are: Your interaction with other characters, your interpretation and delivery of speech within the play and your physical representation of Richard. The reason why these two scenes have been concentrated on is because they occur at key moments within the play and at opposite ends as well. Not only do they appear at opposite ends of the play but they also occur when Richards’s confidence is at opposite ends of the emotional spectrum. This enables us to see Richard from multiple perspectives and it shows us his multi-faceted mental and emotional states. As I am sure you are aware, Richard is portrayed as an Evil and conscience free king as well as being physically deformed. Although elements of this are based upon the truth, it is appreciated that Shakespeare made many of these descriptions up. Due to limited other historical reference this is how Richard is portrayed nowadays. Shakespeare’s reasons for, perhaps, making up these facts are to please the Queen at his time, who was Queen Elizabeth I. This would please her because it was her grandfather, Henry Tudor (later Henry VII (Richmond in the play)), who became King after Richard III was killed in battle. Obviously this made Richmond and Richard enemies, so portraying Richard as both evil and deformed would put Queen Elizabeth and her ancestry in better light. Richards’s evil is very evident from his very first speech (a soliloquy) in the first scene of Act 1. This solo speech to the audience sets the tone for the nature of Richards’s evil worlds and actions throughout the rest of the play. This supreme malignity is evident in the quote’†¦ that I will shortly send thy soul to heaven,’ when referring to his Brother Clarence who he has sworn to save from imprisonment. This is remorseless in its extreme form considering that he has pledged to his brother to have him released form the Tower, which Clarence believes, but in truth he is going to have him killed. This means you must portray an immense feeling of evil and remorselessness to the audience. This could be done by snarling and almost spitting when speaking of what you plan to have done as well as making angular and jerky motions rather than smooth rounded ones. However Richards’s evil is often matched by his intelligence and an example of this is in the quote ‘To set my brother Clarence and the king in deadly hate, the one against the other’. This shows how he is manipulative and again you must get the audience to believe this about you as well as making them in awe of your intelligence and scheming. It is obvious that Richard is aware of his intelligence, so portray this to the audience with a swagger and self confidence of a man who knows of his large capabilities. A lot of the reasons behind Richards’s hatred for all things jovial is due to his physical deformities and his hatred of his own appearance. He knows of his own deformities, obvious in the line ‘†¦Nor made to court and amorous looking glass’. He does however use this to focus himself on his intentions. An example of this is apparent in the line ‘†¦And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover†¦i am determined to prove a villain.’ These abnormalities should, at first, appear to displease you and annoy you; however within in an instant this should be changed to relief when he realises that his peculiarity can work in his advantage making him focused and more determined to achieve his goals. To make these deformities appear powerfully they must be exaggerated to let the audience know, although his abnormalities are making him more focussed, that they are still a physical weakness and therefore a hindrance. This can be achieved by appearing dependant on a cane that you shall be carrying. This is to give the impression that physically you are dependant upon other people or objects. This will also provide opportunities for people to attack you and taunt your disabilities, such as the cane could be kicked from beneath you and you could use it to regain your feet, again showing physical dependency. The focus that has stemmed from these disabilities must be showed prominently also. Richards focus is clear in the quote’ For then I’ll marry Warwick’s youngest daughter.’ This shows us what lengths he is willing to go to get and then keep the crown in his family after his death. His efficiency and preparation must be extravagant to give the audience reason to believe Richards apparent relief that his deformities can focus him on success. This means also that, regardless of the situation, you appear in control and assured, particularly in the earlier scenes of the play. From this scene where Richard is efficient, assured and organised, we move onto the other key scene. This is the eve of battle scene where both Richard and, his enemy, Richmond are preparing themselves and their army for battle. The scene starts with a quote from Richard saying ‘Why, out battalia trebles that account; besides the Kings name is a Tower of strength’. I for one believe that this act of confidence is one where the speaker, in this case Richard’ has very little faith in his comment so I would appreciate you saying this line with a distinct lack of conviction in your own remark. It seems to me also that with this comment he is not only trying to convince those listening of his army’s strength, but he is also convincing himself. His apparent lack of confidence is than compounded by the appearance of the ghosts. There are many quotes from the ghosts to Richard. A typical example of this would be ‘And fall thy edgeless sword; despair and die!’ which was said by the ghost of Clarence. These quotes must appear to affect you now as perhaps they wouldn’t have done in the earlier scenes. These effects include paranoia and further dents to your confidence which can be acted by adjusting your posture and body language. Then when he awakes from this dream he is convinced he has awaken from battle. Evidence of this is in the line ‘Give me another Horse! Bind up my wounds’ and following this he begins to question his conscience for the first time which is present in the quote ‘O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me’. This shows us that he is no longer invulnerable and that the atrocities he has committed are beginning to take effect on him.

Cultural assessment Essay

A consideration of culture is essential in the process of the interview, case formulation, diagnosis, and treatment of culturally diverse indi ­viduals. The evaluation of these individuals raises many issues that clinicians need to address to formulate an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan that will be acceptable to the patient. A consideration of culture is essential in the process of the interview, case formulation, diagnosis, and treatment of culturally diverse indi ­viduals. The evaluation of these individuals raises many issues that clinicians need to address to formulate an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan that will be acceptable to the patient The American Psychological Association (1993) guidelines acknowledge the necessity of assessing individuals in the context of their ethnicity and culture, respecting their indigenous beliefs and practices (including those involving religion and spirituality), assessing the patients’ support systems, evaluating the pati ents in their primary language, and taking a history that accounts for immigration and acculturation stresses. In summary, the consideration of cultural factors in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of culturally diverse individuals has gained recognition in a variety of disciplines in the last decade.In this chapter, we present a brief history of psychiatric case formulation; define culture, ethnicity, and race; and focus on an explication and elaboration of the DSM-IV outline for cultural formulation. Aspects of cultural formulation include assessing a patient’s cultural identity and understanding how culture affects the explanation of the individual’s illness, support system, and the clinician-patient relation ­ship as well as understanding how culture affects the assessment and diagnosis of culturally diverse individuals From a clinical point of view, understanding the patient’s view of his or her illness helps determine our assessment and our treatment plan. Different cultures express their symptoms differently (Kleinman 1988), and concepts of illness also vary with culture. For example, for the Chinese in Hong Kong, Cheung (1987) found that patients had three explanatory models for mental disorders. They could explain their illness as based on psychological, somatic, or mixed factors. Their explana ­tion of the illness influenced how they went about getting help. The patients who had purely psychological explanations were the least likely to seek help. Because of this, Cheung recommended that clinicians specifically inquire about psychological symptoms, because these patients were not likely to volunteer them. Special Issues in Assessment Professionals working in systems that link treatment and corrections must be aware of a broad range of special issues in assessment related to clients’ gender, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, educational level, religious affiliation or spirituality, and other such sociocultural characteristics. Issues related to a number of these characteristics are discussed below. Language It may be necessary to perform the assessment in the primary language of the individual, which may not be English. Assessors should avoid the assumption that a speaker of any given language can also read that language. The client may not be functionally literate in any language. Another part of the staff member’s sensitivity to language should be an awareness that the client may need to communicate in â€Å"street language.† The assessor should be attentive to the kind of vocabulary that the individual client feels most comfortable using. To the extent possible, concepts should be stated in lay language, even street language, if appropriate, but not professional or clinical jargon. Using appropriate language is an essential part of making a true connection with the individual, so that he or she becomes engaged in the assessment process. While good assessment may be largely an intuitive process, specific assessment skills can be taught. Training can be provided in nonjudgmental interviewing techniques, rapport building, sensitive probing, and multicultural sensitivity. Cultural Identity and Ethnicity For appropriate assessment, it is critical that culturally and linguistically competent staff are available. The assessor must be aware of the importance of the client’s cultural identity and the extent of his or her acculturation into the dominant culture. Some programs attempt to draw on traditional cultural http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Mental-Health-Assessment strengths of the individual in specific ways; these may be appropriate for the individual who has a strong identification with his or her culture of origin, but it may be inappropriate for other individuals of the same group. It is necessary to gain some sense of the meaning that the individual’s culture holds for him or her personally, rather than relying on presuppositions. The client’s culture has many potential implications for the process of the assessment. Some cultures view direct questioning as inappropriate. Therefore, individuals from this type of culture may view the assessment process as highly intrusive. A goal of the assessment process is to understand the client’s world from his or her o wn cultural perspective. The importance of making appropriate inferences from information about an individual’s culture makes it imperative that programs involved in assessment exert a strong effort in good faith to hire assessors representative of the populations they serve. When qualified professionals from these cultural groups are not on staff, treatment programs can seek to employ counselors or support staff from these groups, in order to create a diverse multicultural program environment. For effective assessment and placement, it is necessary to recognize that institutional and individual discrimination may exist in the criminal justice system and other institutions, and that bias can negatively affect classification, screening, and assessment.

Jollibee’s Success in the Philippines Essay

Jollibee is the Mcdonald’s of the Philippines. From a simple ice-cream parlor in 1975, it has explored the concept of hot meals and sandwiches in 1978 and since then revolutionized the concept of fast food in the Philippines. 1984 saw Jollibee hit the Top 500 Philippine Corporations. 1987 landed the fast food chain into the country’s Top 100 Corporations. It became a billion-peso corporation in 1989. Today, there are 600 branches of Jollibee in the Philippines and about 50 abroad. Analysis of Jollibee’s Success in the Philippines The Philippines is a small, third-world country in south-east Asia. Like many asians, Filipino people eat their meals with rice and they prefer it home-cooked. However, due to the urbanization of the capital city in the late 70’s and the modernization required for economic development, Filipinos had to settle for less than the best: the turo-turo style. Way before the term â€Å"fastfood† reached the vocabulary of the Filipinos, people in the Philippines had eaten turo-turo style. Turo-turo is where ready-to-eat and ready-to-go entrees arrayed in steam-heated trays, are always ready to be eye-balled by hungry and harried customers. If you wait more than 20 minutes to get your food, it’s not considered as a turo-turo restaurant. Jollibee’s claim to have revolutionized the concept of fast food in the Philippines is probably correct. The company claims that the secrets of its success are â€Å"superior menu line-up, creative marketing programs, and efficient manufacturing and logistics facilities. It (success) is made possible by well-trained teams that work in a culture of integrity and humility, fun and family-like. † Success did not come easy as Jollibee is not exactly the first â€Å"fastfood† in the Philippines. Wendy’s from the USA came first and that is where Jollibee â€Å" conceived† the idea of sandwhiches and hotmeals served in less than twenty minutes to cater to the urbanized city of Manila. Competition has been tough for the first few years however Jollibee made the right decision to â€Å"Philippinize† its concept starting with market research. It was hypothesized that the Filipinos love not actually the home-cooked meals served by their wives but the smell and aroma of the meals served at home. Capitalizing on this theory, Jollibee launched the slogan, â€Å"langhap-sarap† which in English translates to â€Å"smells delicious†. Also, knowing the heart and soul of every Filipino is the family, Jollibee made itself cater not to individual professionals in the modern city but to the family as a whole. Jollibee became a red, giant bee mascot children adore. Jollibee easily became a household name in the market. The most notable commodity Jollibee offered is the chicken joy. When you step inside a single branch of Jollibee, you can actually smell the crispy, golden chicken being deep fried to juicy tenderness. In Jollibee, hamburger patty is being eaten with gravy and served with rice and they call it the burger steak. Same as any product, this one â€Å"smells delicious†. Another notable thing about Jollibee is how spaghetti is flavored. The spaghetti of Jollibee is sweet as Filipinos put sugar in their spaghetti and not much tomatoes. This menu line-up thanks to research on the wants of Filipinos, target customer and the use of mega-superstars as endorsers put Jollibee at the top of the fastfood industry in the Philippines. Jollibee in the USA The Jollibee branch located in San Francisco area is supposed to cater to the voluminous home-sick Filipinos working in the city. This Jollibee branch looks like a normal Jollibee branch in the Philippines. The most notable difference is the price of the food. Jollibee in the USA is more expensive than McDonald’s. They also accept credit cards which is a facility not found in any of the Jollibee branches in the Philippines. The commodities sold is also very different. Though they market it as the same â€Å"smells delicious† chicken joy from the Philippines, the chicken hardly smells nor looks delicious. It doesn’t have the same crispy juiciness as that of the local branches and it tastes mostly of salt. The burger steak is still served with rice though the hamburger patty is bigger and spaghetti is not as sweet as it should be, Filipino-style. The fusion of two states could be blamed for the high pricing as Jollibee might be adjusting to the cost of putting up a branch in San Francisco where raw materials are considerably more expensive. However, the objective of catering to home-sicked Filipinos is not met, in my opinion, as this Jollibee, though the same as in the home country in name, is not the same in every other aspect.

Global Marketing and Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Marketing and Communications - Essay Example Well established local brands with their prudent research and development teams like Coca Cola has been able to successfully move to foreign lands (Ghemawat, 2003). Companies looking for globalisation generally look for a market with a culture to that of their own. Globalisation deals with seeing the full potential of an outside market and being able to successfully tap that market. A company which is able to do that becomes a successful global brand. Coca Cola as a product came into existence in 1886. An Atlanta Pharmacist named John Pemberton brought it into existence. His bookkeeper Frank Robinson named it Coca Cola. Since then the brand Coca Cola has gone through a sea of change and has become one of the global leader in soft drinks industry (Coca Cola, n.d.). Coca Cola follows a style of growth and leadership along with constant up gradation in their activities thus making it possible for them to be sustainable. Coca Cola is enjoyed by more than 200 countries worldwide thus becoming a global brand after it had started as local brand. It has achieved 48 straight years with an increase in dividends. At present, the company has 3300 beverages being sold worldwide. The present Coca Cola Chairman and CEO is Mr. Muhtar Kent and the company headquarters are located at Atlanta, Georgia (Coca Cola, n.d.). Globalisation is the modern phenomenon that is conquering the attention of the world over in recent times. The term has basically gained popularity in the last two decades. Globalisation, from the point of view of international marketer, refers to the situation where geographical boundaries are neglected. It has made geographical boundaries seem immaterial. Globalisation has made it possible for companies to earn economies of scale which have benefited them in making profit and becoming successful. It has also made

LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRACT Coursework

LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRACT - Coursework Example The insurance also covers some liabilities that arise in cases where there is a collision with another ship and also the liability for colliding with other objects (FFO-Fixed and Floating Objects). Typically, claims under Hull and Machinery insurance include, total loss of the ship; damage to ship, engines and equipments; explosions and fires; groundings; collisions; and striking other objects. The scope of the type of damages covered by Hull and Machinery Insurance has been defined by International Hull Clauses (IHC). In clause 2.1.6, it states that HM & I covers the losses caused to the ship due to â€Å"contact with land conveyance, dock or harbor equipment or Installation.†1 There are certain risks and liabilities that are not covered under Hull and Machinery insurance. A prudent ship-owner may look to get insurance cover for liabilities to third parties. Such liabilities might arise due to a third party’s legal or contractual claim against the ship. P & I insurance is arranged by entering the ship into a mutual insurance association which is usually referred to as a â€Å"club†. All the members of this club are ship-owners. Therefore, the P & I club is only answerable to its members. A Marine Insurance company, on the other hand, is answerable to its shareholders. P & I clubs provide insurance covers for much broader risks than the Hull and Machinery insurance schemes. When a ship has an accident due to the perils of the sea, Hull & Machinery insurance provides cover for the loss that has occurred to the ship. There are many other things that are connected with the ship. The crew of the ship, the employees, may also get hurt and claim compensation for their injuries. Also, the owner of the cargo that may have been carried in the ship would also claim for his loss against the ship-owner. Hull & Machinery insurance does not provide cover for such liabilities to third parties. However, the ship-owner can get protection from such claims by pursuing P & I insurance. As far as the liability to the owner of the cargo is concerned, the cargo owner has a first claim against the carrier. The cargo owner may not succeed in his claim because either the ship-owner was not responsible for the loss or he is protected under Hague-Visby2 rules. In such cases, the cargo owner claims compensation from his insurer under Cargo Insurance. By the right of subrogation, the insurer, after compensating his client, would be able to pursue the claim in his own right against the carrier. To avoid this claim against him, the carrier seeks the services of P & I club. This means that the same cargo can be insured twice. P & I clubs also settle the claims against the ship-owner when the crew is injured. There can be other â€Å"Third† parties that can have legal or contractual claims against the ship-owner. P & I insurance addresses all of those claims. There are risks that are not covered by P & I insurance because they are covered by an other form of insurance. In relation to Hull & Machinery Insurance, P & I insurance is able to cover almost all the risks that H & M leaves out. Even for the claims that are not fully covered by H & M insurance, the portion of the claim that is left out can be covered under P & I insurance. Therefore, P & I insurance complements Hull and Machinery insurance as the risks that are not covered by one are covered by the other. When both forms of marine insurance are

Forum 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forum 2 - Assignment Example All the books place an importance over the Gospels, New Testament, and the Holy Spirit. Theology is an evident element of all three books that explain the functioning of evangelism, church, and the ministry. My understanding of ministry often overlooked the importance of biblical theology in determining and directing ministry activities. In many instances, I felt that the ministry work was an activity independent of scriptural backing. However, I have now understood that ministry of the Holy Spirit cannot be isolated as a separate entity but it greatly depends on the things said by God in the Gospels. Tidball (2008) has explored different aspects of leadership in the pastoral sense to scrutinize the ministry practices as they are situated in a specific cultural context or is influenced by the church setting. So, I have learnt that pastoral leadership is supported by the gospels because it is about serving God in His way. 2) In my understanding of pastoral leadership or ministry, a transformation would involve a positive change such that it inspires others to break away from their problems in order to find the way of the truth. Because much of my understanding states that ministry is truly about following God’s way of serving, this process would also involve an augmentation of faith not only in God but also in oneself that we also have a purpose on Earth. Hence, the spirit-energized transformation would likely make a strong individual and one who has faith, which also means that the individual is guided by God’s grace away from sins. This would create an atmosphere of positivity thereby inspiring others. A change in virtues would occur where compassion and humbleness may symbolize the transformation to help others and lead them to the way of right. The transformation would be more positive and would inspire others. Also, the transformation would be more spiritual in nature involving an internal change that is more

The benefits that a company can gain simply by implementing the Essay

The benefits that a company can gain simply by implementing the sustainability concept - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that sustainability is one of the most emerging concepts that have gained a lot of attention in a couple of decades. In a wider sense, sustainability refers to the improvement of society and the environment. The sustainable environment is considered more than a responsibility by most of the multi-national company and for these companies providing high-quality life to children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren is a priority. It means that sustainable environment is improving the quality of life in the present without harming or compromising the future generation’s ability to meet their needs effectively. To make the point more clear regarding the sustainable environment it could be said that all the resources that the business needs in order to operate eventually comes from the environment but meeting the eternal needs of the customers, the businesses are ultimately moving in such directions that would perish the resources. This would not only create hurdles in improving the lives of the people but also for the future generations to meet their needs efficiently. It has become a necessity for every business to make their contribution towards the environment so that the future needs of the people could be met while maintaining the balance between the environment and its resources. It is essential to take certain steps that would ensure the elimination or reduction of those factors that could create hurdles in the achievement of a greener and better future. For businesses, it is essential to make contributions in the development of sustainable environment as it contributes the most in damaging the environment. Sustainability is not just linked to the reduction of waste or pollution but in a broader sense, it is concerned with enhancing those practices that would reduce the damage on the environment that would ultimately lead the business to be completely sustainable.

The Essential Characteristics of Loving Assignment

The Essential Characteristics of Loving - Assignment Example According to Freud, present society is on the third level of restriction of sexuality: it controls even those sexual activities that are intended for procreation only (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 6). This is dangerous, because in this situation: (1) individual libidinal characteristics (that often differ from the societal demands) are ignored and (2) every man and woman is being torn apart by 2 contradictory yet inescapable desires. One of them is the need of appreciation from fellow human beings, which is impossible when the sexual behavior of an individual is considered inappropriate. Another one is an instinct that Freud associates with love. In â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness†, the founder of psychoanalysis describes sexual instinct as almost a living creature that is innate in every human. It is a subject to development, and the problems in the way of this development lead to different types of neur oses (in the article, Freud distinguishes between neurasthenia and psychoneurosis (4). This â€Å"animal inside us† is incomparably greedy and cruel: it is â€Å"probably more strongly developed in man than in most of the higher animals; it is certainly more constant, since it has almost entirely overcome the periodicity belonging to it in animals† (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 5). Freud does not recommend tolerating abstinence, as it suppresses the dangerous sexual instinct. In such cases, the latter is either ‘sublimated’ or resulting in neuroses. However, marriage does not offer any attractive alternatives, as it limits the sexual satisfaction of the couple to the pre-conception intercourses (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 8). Following this logic, marriage is a severe stress, especially for women, so that neurotic girls cannot make the good party (according to Freud) and are succumbed to the abstinence-related neuroses (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 8). In the paper â€Å"On the Universal Tendency to Debasement in the Sphere of Love†, Freud develops this theory of sexual instinct. As a physician, he approaches love technically, mainly as a working instrument of the explanation of neuroses: â€Å"The highest phase of development of which object-libido is capable is seen in the state of being in love, when the subject seems to give up his own personality in favor of an object-cathexis† (Freud, â€Å"On Narcissism† 76). From this quotation, it follows that sexual instinct is always object-directed, and it finds its objects either in the people surrounding an individual or an individual him/herself.  

How to teach literacy and Multi-literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to teach literacy and Multi-literacy - Essay Example Multi-literacy requires students to integrate technological educational tools. One of the ways teachers can teach literary and multi-literacy is by integrating them teaching. This means that teachers should integrate four essential components of multi-literacy teaching. These are overt instructions, situated practices, transformed action and critical framing (Gambrell, Marrow & Pressley, 2011). Situated practice focuses students to meaningful learning through the integration of primary knowledge. Overt instruction directs students to systematic processes of learning. Critical framing enables students to learn how to approach the diverse environment in order to improve their learning experiences. Teachers can also use transformed action teaching to teach students how to apply lessons to real life experiences. Teaching literacy and multi-literacy can lead to the adoption of new ideas and practices. It can also help in overcoming the limitations experienced in traditional learning approaches. Teaching literacy and multi-literacy introduces teachers to new pedagogical approaches and practices, which creates opportunities for future learning and teaching. The four ways in which teachers can teach literary and multi-literacy are the use of situated practices, critical framing, overt instructions and transformed actions. These methods have the potential to guide teachers to provide equal access to teaching and learning